• Home
• Site Map
• Foreword
  • Foreword
  • Contributors & Copyright
• Introduction
  • Introduction
  • Methods
  • Sites
    • Why Pando and East Kalimantan?
    • Municipal Governments and Decentralisation in Bolivia
    • Municipal Governments and Decentralisation in Indonesia
• Part I. Concepts
  • Wellbeing and Poverty
    • Poverty is More Than Low Income
    • Poverty is a Lack of Wellbeing
    • Poverty and Wellbeing Have Many Dimensions
    • Further Reading
  • Local Governments and Poverty
    • How can Local Governments Reduce Poverty?
    • Four Steps to Improve Local Governmental Action
    • Further Reading
  • Forests and Poverty
    • How do Forests Influence Poverty?
    • What is Poverty in Forest Communities?
    • Are Forests Safety Nets, Poverty Traps or Escape Routes?
    • Further Reading
• Part II. Tools
  • Monitoring
    • What is monitoring?
    • Types of Monitoring
    • Indicators
    • When to monitor?
    • Who conducts monitoring?
    • Linking monitoring to planning
  • Participatory Planning
    • What is participatory planning?
    • Why is participatory planning useful?
    • When and where is participatory planning done?
    • Who should participate?
  • Tool 1: Interactive Mapping
    • What is interactive mapping?
    • Interactive mapping step-by-step
    • Use interactive mapping for monitoring
  • Tool 2: Wellbeing Monitoring
    • What is a local wellbeing monitoring system?
    • Wellbeing monitoring step-by-step
    • Step 1: Define purpose, develop plan and budget
    • Step 2: Develop local poverty indicators and formulate survey questions
    • Step 3: Design the sampling strategy
    • Step 4: Train staff and perform the survey
    • Step 5: Analyse and present the data
    • Step 6: Present findings
  • Tool 3: Community Evaluation
    • Evaluating local government programmes through community focus groups
    • Steps 1-3
    • Steps 4-6
    • Steps 7-8
    • Community evaluation step-by-step
  • Tool 4: Scenario-based Planning
    • What is scenario-based planning?
    • Scenario-based planning step-by-step
    • Visioning
    • Pathways
• Final Remarks
• Acknowledgements
• Additional Resources
• PDF Version

The source book and tools were developed through repeated field tests conducted in collaboration with local governments and communities in East Kalimantan, Indonesia and Pando, Bolivia over 4 years. In East Kalimantan we worked with district administrations in Malinau and Kutai Barat, and in Pando we worked with the municipal governments in El Sena, Bolpebra and Santa Rosa.

Our efforts were part of a larger project entitled ‘Making local government more responsive to the poor: Developing indicators and tools to support sustainable livelihood development under decentralisation’. The project was carried out jointly by the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), the University of Freiburg and local partners in Indonesia and Bolivia to improve local governments’ efforts to reduce poverty of forest-dependent people. The German Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) funded the project. The work related to the fourth tool, ‘Communicating communities’ needs through scenario-based planning’, was jointly carried out with the project ‘Stakeholders and biodiversity in the forest at the local level’, financed by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation.

Many of the ideas and observations in this source book are the result of activities undertaken during the course of the project. These included reviews of the literature, household surveys and community focus group discussions in Pando and East Kalimantan, workshops with local government, analysis of local government policies and actions, an international workshop on poverty and decentralisation (May 2006, Lake Constance, Germany) and thesis research by MSc and PhD students.

The tools compiled in Part 2 were successfully tested and refined during several rounds of action research in the two locations.

© 2007 Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)
Contributors and copyright information