Living conditions of forest dependent-people in the northern Bolivian Amazon: a case study of El Sena municipalityOemer, CAlbert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg. Faculty of Forestry and Environmental SciencesFreiburg, Germany2004thesesliving conditionscommunity forestryrural communitiesforestsdecentralizationpovertyThesis (Master degree) - Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg. Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Scienceshttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Boemer0601.pdfBook116p.enCIFOR Head Quarter2053BOEcosystems and human well-being: a framework for assessmentAlcamo, J.[et al.]Island PressWashington, D.C., USA2003human ecologyecosystemsmanagementMillenium Ecosystem Assessment (Program)A report of the conceptual framework working group of the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment.1-55963-403-0Book245p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1866BOAnalisis kebijakan desentralisasi pengelolaan hutan dan pengaruhnya terhadap perekonomian masyarakat sekitar hutan: studi kasus Kabupaten Malinau Kalimantan TimurAffandi, OMulawarman UniversitySamarinda, Indonesia2004thesesforest policydecentralizationrural economycommunity forestryThesis (M.Sc.) - Mulawarman University, IndonesiaBook206p.idCIFOR Head Quarter1806IDStudi valuasi ekonomi hutan adat Ongkoe di Desa Lalabata Kecamatan Tanete Rilau Kabupaten BarruSukardiUniversitas HasanuddinMakasar, Indonesia2003economic analysisvaluationlocal peopleforest resourcesThesis (Bsc) - Program Studi Manajemen Hutan, Jurusan Kehutanan, Universitas Hasanuddin MakassarBook53p.idCIFOR Head Quarter1755IDCO2FIX V 3.1 - A modelling framework for quantifying carbon sequestration in forest ecosystemsSchelhaas, M.J.van Esch, P.W.Groen, T.A.de Jong, B.H.J.Kanninen, M.Liski, J.Masera, O.Mohren, G.M.J.Nabuurs, G.J.Palosuo, T.Pedroni, L.Vallejo, A.Vilen, TALTERRAWageningen, Netherlands2004handbookscomputer softwarecarbon sequestrationafforestationagroforestryKyoto Protocolclean development mechanismforest managementsimulation modelsbioenergyThis report describes the conceptual approach of the CO2FIX V 3.1 model, as well as its implementation and numerous examples. This stand level simulation model is a tool which quantifies the C stocks and fluxes in the forest biomass, the soil organic matter and the wood products chain. Included are also a bioenergy module, a financial module and a carbon accounting module. The model is applicable to many different situations: afforestation projects, agroforestry systems, and selective logging systems. The model is freely available from the web, together with numerous examples. 1566-7197Book122p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1750IDThe ethnobiological society in IndonesiaIndonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI). Research Center for BiologyIndonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI). Research Center for BiologyBogor, Indonesia2004forest resourcesnon-timber forest productsrural communitiessocial benefitsethnobotanyplantsBook95p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1803ID1693-6892Koordinasi antara Dinas Kehutanan dengan dinas-dinas yang terkait dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya hutan di Kabupaten Kapuas Propinsi Kalimantan TengahLestiawati, YProgram Pascasarjana Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam, Universitas Lambung MangkuratBanjarbaru, Indonesia2004forest managementnatural resourcesresource managementdecentralizationThesis - MSc (Universitas Lambung Mangkurat)Book84p.idCIFOR Head Quarter1673IDReview strategi penyelesaian konflik sosial atas tanah: studi kasus konflik antara komunitas Ketajek dengan perusahaan daerah perkebunan Jember, di Kecamatan Panti, Kabupaten Jember, propinsi Jawa TimurSuporahardjoUniversitas IndonesiaJakarta, Indonesia2004conflictland managementland ownershipcase studiesthesesThesis (Msi) - Universitas IndonesiaThe land disputed by Ketajek community and Jember Estate company (PDP) used to belong to the rights of Erfpach Verponding No. 2712 and No. 2713 They are known as Ketajek Estate I and II, on behalf of NV. Land Bow My Oud Djember (LMOD), with the overall area of 477.87 hectares located in Pakis and Suci villages, kecamatan Panti, Kabupaten Jember, East Java. The rights ended on 29 July 1967. The land conflict broke out in 1972 when the local government under Bupati Abdul Hadi, who was also one of PDP’s board of directors, planned to take over Ketajek Estate I and II which had long been cultivated by Ketajek local people since 1950s. Ketajek I and II having been distributed since 1964 by means of landreform policy, the take-over has caused an intractable conflict—up to now. This research tries to explore how the social conflict of Ketajek land remains unresolved, and what kinds of conflict resolution strategies have been adopted by the conflicting parties as well as those involved in the turbulence of conflict. So, the objectives of this research are: 1) to dig up and map the history and sources of conflict; 2) to identify the factors influencing the conflict escalation; 3) to observe the process of selection and the result of conflict management/resolution strategy applied by the conflicting parties; and 4) to provide a recommendation of how to improve the existing conflict resolution methods between Ketajek community and PDP Jember. The research made use of qualitative approach. This approach best-matched with the objectives of the research, i.e. to understand conflict fenomena in connexion with the presence of multi parties, both those in favor and those against the resolution of the land conflict between Ketajek community and PDP Jember. For the pros and cons, interviews were given to get a deep understanding of what opinions they have about the resolution proposed for Ketajek land conflict. Ideas obtained from the interviews with informants and data from scrutinizing the documents about intervention methods for this conflict were collected to be reviewed and analyzed to get the strength and weaknesses by comparing with experience from other sites or with the preceding cases. In this research, conflict was seen as a form of interaction which can develop, integrate, and continue the structures within a society. It is understood from both positive and negative perspectives because conflict should be faced and managed as it can be understood from the perspectives of the parties involved, from the very cause, from the stages of development, from the factors influencing the escalation and from the possibilities of intervention mechanisms. The important findings of the research are, among others, five methods of resolution proposed by interest parties, i.e.: 1) providing a compensation; 2) bringing the case to the court; 3) taking an extra-court law (nonlitigation) or a political action; 4) building dialog/negotiation; and 5) building a partnership between PDP and Ketajek local people. The local government/PDP jember prefers options 1 and 2, whereas Ketajek community prefers points 3 and 4. From the analysis of the above failure, it was found that: the options were made unilaterally by the power-ed party, and it failed to hit the source of the problems, the facilitators/mediators were unskilled, the analysis of the shared problems was poor, dialogs between conflicting parties were frequently confrontational, the processes were more confrontational than collaborative, groups of Ketajek community were polarized, there was a rivalry between interest parties that went with the community, there was a lack of political will from elites in the local government/PDP, DPRD to share power/activities/benefit with the local community over the natural resources. The conclusion is that the five resolutions failed to lead to an agreement supported by all parties and failed to satisfy all. From the perspective of Jember local government’s policy, it can be concluded that the local government did not have adequate infrastructures, either in the form of institutions or human resources to enact a nonlitigation conflict resolution or alternative dispute resolution (ADR). To manifest the ADR was all in theory; in practice, none of the policies used it Considering the ideas proposed by interest parties in the Ketajek land conflict, therefore, it is recommended to the local government and DPRD Jember to think over collaborative strategies to resolve Ketajek land conflict. In plying the collaborative strategies, the conflicting parties must have a will to shift from adversarial approaches to nonadversarial ones since the collaborative processes need openness, respect for difference, the awareness of interdependency, active participation of the conflicting parties, way out and agreed relationship, and the awareness that collaboration is a process, not a recipe. There are four general designs for collaboration to be noted carefully by the conflicting parties related to joint efforts to make the smart choice of: 1) appreciative planning; 2) collective strategy; 3) dialog; and 4) negotiation of resolution. In order to be able to build a constructive design for collaboration that all conflicting parties are committed to, there must be clear stages for a common guideline. The stages should at least comprise first stage, a clear problem statement; second stage, a clear direction of collaboration; and third stage, a clear operation. To support a successful collaborative strategy, the support from Jember local government is an important factor. Without a strong will from the local government to sustain it, it is impossible for the collaborative processes to be operated. Therefore, the political will of the local government should not only be typed on POLDAS text, but should also be realized in practice, by providing skilled human resources for the best facilitators/mediators and giving support or developing the institution.Book308p.idCIFOR Head Quarter1665IDProses pembelajaran (learning lessons) promosi sertifikasi hutan dan pengendalian penebangan liar di IndonesiaTacconi, L.Obidzinski, K.Agung, FCIFORBogor, Indonesia2004illicit loggingcausespreventionnon-governmental organizationsloggingcertificationgovernment policytradedevelopment plansforest policylearningprojectsnetworkingIllegal logging is a cause for widespread concern. It has negative environmental impacts, results in the loss of forest products used by rural communities, creates conflicts, and causes significant losses of tax revenues that could be used for development activities. The Nature Conservancy and World Wide Fund for Nature developed the Alliance to Promote Certification and Combat Illegal Logging in Indonesia to respond to the concern about illegal logging. The Alliance is a three-year initiative that aims to: 1. Strengthen market signals to expand certification and combat illegal logging 2. Increase supply of certified Indonesian wood products 3. Demonstrate practical solutions to achieve certification and differentiate legal and illegal supplies 4. Reduce financing and investment in companies engaged in destructive or illegal logging in Indonesia 5. Share lessons learned from the project. The Alliance seeks to learn lessons from its ongoing work to inform and adapt its activities, as well as to inform other initiatives seeking to address similar problems. This report is part of this lessons learning process. This report assesses the situation in Indonesia, including a quantitative estimation of illegally produced logs, discusses the causes of illegal logging, and describes the national and international policy and trade context. Then, it considers the work undertaken by the Alliance to address illegal logging in Indonesia; it summarizes the strategy of the Alliance, describes its rationale, and assesses the assumptions underlying the rationale and the objectives. Finally, it summarizes the progress made by the Alliance towards achieving its goal, highlights the lessons that can be learnt from the work in progress, and provides recommendations for the Alliance. http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BTacconi0402.pdf979-3361-60-3Bookv, 86p.idCIFOR Head Quarter1649IDHuman impacts on tropical forest biodiversity and genetic resourcesPoulsen, J.edsOxford University Press2004case studiesgenetic resourcesbiodiversityecologyThe conservation of biodiversity and genetic resources has been a high priority under the Convention on Biological Diversity for more than a decade. Many studies have been conducted on this subject in tropical forests. The aim of this book is to bring together many of these studies in order to evaluate current knowledge of the impact of disturbance and fragmentation on tropical forest biodiversity and genetic resources. Themes covered include biodiversity and ecological processes, genetic diversity, local people's livelihoods, case studies from Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin and South-America.0-85199-692-2Book500p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1646IDAnalisa konflik: sektor kehutanan di Indonesia 1997-2003Wulan, Y.C.Yasmi, Y.Purba, C.Wollenberg, ECIFORBogor, Indonesia2004conflictdecentralizationcase studiesforest managementReport in short versions is also available in Indonesian and EnglishThis paper provides a profile of forest-related conflict in Indonesia 1997 to June 2003, based on a survey of national and provincial newspaper articles and six case studies in Sumatera, Kalimantan and Java. The report shows that conflict increased most rapidly in 2000 during the transition to decentralization, and has generally stayed at higher levels than during the New Order period. Reports of conflicts were highest in East Kalimantan, followed by Sumatera and Central Java. The causes of conflict were primarily differences in perceptions about boundaries, rights to use of forest, compensation payments and distribution of benefits from forests. Although media reports focus on the escalation of conflict after the reform period, the case studies demonstrated complex histories of latent conflict and conflict resolution through compensation payments that proved unsuccessful in reducing long-run conflict. The study recommends that (i) conflict management be considered an element of forest management, (ii) forest conflicts should be monitored to learn more about their incidence, causes and ways of managing them and (iii) alternative methods for managing conflict should be explored.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BWulan0401I0.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BWulan0401I1.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BWulan0401I2.pdf979-3361-53-0Book79p.idCIFOR Head Quarter1614IDAssistance to forestry: experiences and potential for improvementPersson, RCIFORBogor, Indonesia2003international agreementsinternational cooperationresearchresearch institutesforest policydevelopment aiddevelopment programmeshttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/AssistancetoForestry.pdf979-3361-15-8Book120p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1606IDLearning lessons to promote forest certification and control illegal logging in IndonesiaTacconi, L.Obidzinski, K.Agung, FCIFORBogor, Indonesia2004illicit loggingloggingcertificationassessmentforest policyinternational tradeprojectsIllegal logging is a cause for widespread concern. It has negative environmental impacts, results in the loss of forest products used by rural communities, creates conflicts, and causes significant losses of tax revenues that could be used for development activities. The Nature Conservancy and World Wide Fund for Nature developed the Alliance to Promote Certification and Combat Illegal Logging in Indonesia to respond to the concern about illegal logging. The Alliance is a three-year initiative that aims to: 1. Strengthen market signals to expand certification and combat illegal logging, 2. Increase supply of certified Indonesian wood products, 3. Demonstrate practical solutions to achieve certification and differentiate legal and illegal supplies, 4. Reduce financing and investment in companies engaged in destructive or illegal logging in Indonesia, 5. Share lessons learned from the project. The Alliance seeks to learn lessons from its ongoing work to inform and adapt its activities, as well as to inform other initiatives seeking to address similar problems. This report is part of this lessons learning process. This report assesses the situation in Indonesia, including a quantitative estimation of illegally produced logs, discusses the causes of illegal logging, and describes the national and international policy and trade context. Then, it considers the work undertaken by the Alliance to address illegal logging in Indonesia; it summarizes the strategy of the Alliance, describes its rationale, and assesses the assumptions underlying the rationale and the objectives. Finally, it summarizes the progress made by the Alliance towards achieving its goal, highlights the lessons that can be learnt from the work in progress, and provides recommendations for the Alliance.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BTacconi0401.pdf979-3361-55-7Book81p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1588IDProceedings of the Workshop Cultivating (in) Tropical Forests?: the Evolution and Sustainability of Systems of Management between Extractivism and Plantations, 28 June – 1 July 2000, Kraemmervika, Lofoten, NorwayAsbjornsen, H.Angelsen, A.Belcher, B.Michon, G.Ruiz Perez, M.Wijesekara, V.R.P.edsEuropean Tropical Forest Research Network (ETFRN)Wageningen, Netherlands2004forest productsforest plantationscommercializationnon-timber forest productssustainabilitysystemsconferenceshttp://www.etfrn.org/etfrn/workshop/lofoten/etfrn_series_3.pdfBook86p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1585IDCreating space for local forest management in the PhilippinesContreras, A.P.edDe La Salle University PressManila, Philippines2003forest managementlocal peoplecommunity forestryrural developmentdecision makingparticipationlivelihoodsdecentralizationsocial capitalgovernmentcase studies971-555-459-8Book228p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1579PHForum sobre bosques, gestion y desarollo: opciones para la AmazoniaPokorny, B.Sabogal, C.Kramer, F.edsCIFORBelem, Brazil2004decentralizationforest resourcesforest managementrural developmentdevelopment plansconferencesThe Brazilian government's initiative to systematically search for the eradication of hunger in Brazil by means of the Fome Zero Program has aroused global interest and sympathy. In the search for efficient strategies to reach this objective, the situation in Amazonia deserves special attention. Either of the precarious conditions of its health care, education and economic situation, under which a great part of the rural population lives, as well as for the existence of extensive areas of forests which are characterized by a huge diversity of timber and non-timber forestry products. In the discussion on the possible contributions of forest towards development, there are quite opposed positions: some believe that forests are an obstacle while others see them as the engine of development. In order to present and discuss the various proposals and visions on the role of forests in the fight against poverty and to promote the sustainable development of the Amazon region, CIFOR, together with its partners - EMBRAPA, GTZ, PROMANEJO/IBAMA and IMAZON- held a forum under the title "Forest Management and Development: Options for Amazonia" The events gave an opportunity for researchers, experts on rural development initiatives and also politicians involved in the issue to present and discuss the various proposals on the theme. This book contains the 13 papers presented during the forum and a video-CD with a compilation of the debate that followed, as a contribution in the search of the best solutions for sustainable development of the region.979-3361-40-9Book174p. + 1 CD-ROM.esCIFOR Head Quarter1576BOForum sobre florestas, gestao e desenvolvimento: opcoes para a AmazoniaPokorny, B.Sabogal, C.Kramer, F.edsCIFORBelem, Brazil2004forest resourcesforest managementrural developmentdevelopment plansconferencesAlso available in Spanish.The Brazilian government's initiative to systematically search for the eradication of hunger in Brazil by means of the Fome Zero Program has aroused global interest and sympathy. In the search for efficient strategies to reach this objective, the situation in Amazonia deserves special attention. Either of the precarious conditions of its health care, education and economic situation, under which a great part of the rural population lives, as well as for the existence of extensive areas of forests which are characterized by a huge diversity of timber and non-timber forestry products. In the discussion on the possible contributions of forest towards development, there are quite opposed positions: some believe that forests are an obstacle while others see them as the engine of development. In order to present and discuss the various proposals and visions on the role of forests in the fight against poverty and to promote the sustainable development of the Amazon region, CIFOR, together with its partners - EMBRAPA, GTZ, PROMANEJO/IBAMA and IMAZON- held a forum under the title "Forest Management and Development: Options for Amazonia" The events gave an opportunity for researchers, experts on rural development initiatives and also politicians involved in the issue to present and discuss the various proposals on the theme. This book contains the 13 papers presented during the forum and a video-CD with a compilation of the debate that followed, as a contribution in the search of the best solutions for sustainable development of the region.979-3361-37-9Book174p. + 1 CD-ROM.ptCIFOR Head Quarter1577BRPotret Punan Kalimantan Timur: sensus Punan 2002-2003Sitorus, S.Levang, P.Dounias, E.Mamung, D.Abot, DCIFORBogor, Indonesia2004censusespopulation densityethnic groupsdemographyhuman resourcesliving conditionshttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Potret_Punan.pdf979-3361-50-6Book32p.idCIFOR Head Quarter1575IDManual para la planificacion y evaluacion del manejo forestal operacional en bosques de la Amazonia PeruanaSabogal, C.Carrera, F.Colan, V.Pokorny, B.Louman, BINRENA, CIFOR, FONDEBOSQUE, CATIELima, Peru2004handbooksplanningharvestingforest inventoriesmonitoringforest practicessilviculturesustainabilityCIFORINRENAFONDEBOSQUECATIEThis manual is intended to serve as reference for forest professionals and practitioners in the planning, execution and evaluation of forest management techniques and practices contributing to the sustainability of the resource and the activity as a commercial operation. The document covers basic and applied aspects of forest management planning mainly emphasizing activities related to pre-harvesting (e.g. forest inventory, stock survey of commercial timber, harvesting infrastructure), harvesting (directional felling, skidding, yarding) and post-harvesting (transport, complementary activities, silvicultural treatments) operations, including monitoring.979-3361-47-6Book279p.esCIFOR Head Quarter1574PEIncome is not enough: the effect of economic incentives on forest product conservation: a comparison of forest communities dependent on the agroforests of Krui, Sumatra and natural dipterocarp forests of Kayan Mentarang, East KalimantanWollenberg, E.Nawir, A.A.Uluk, A.Pramono, HCIFORBogor, Indonesia2001non-timber forest productsagroforestrycomparisonscommunity forestryconservationincomeincentivesData from damar agroforest and hill dipterocarp forest sites suggest that income alone is inadequate for explaining why people conserve a non-timber forest product. The explanatory value of several cash income-based indicators was tested and the results showed that these indicators provide only a partial explanation of people's conservation behaviour. Instead, an understanding based on how the income potentially drives a conservation action, expectations about the role of the income in the household economy, and social values, capacities and institutions provides a more complete picture of how economic incentives affect people's harvesting behaviour. We found that an income source was more likely to be valued in the future to the extent that (1) the income from the product provided a source of food security rather than supplemental income; (2) the income from the product was used for specific purposes not easily substituted by other sources of cash; (3) there were not other cash sources available; (4) the income from the product was stable and low risk; and (5) there was an identity, value or status associated with maintaining the income from that product. We conclude that the single most important related policy intervention to achieve conservation is to provide the stability of conditions that enables people to expect the income source to be important in the future.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BWollenberg0101E0.pdfBook93p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1205IDKebakaran di lahan rawa/gambut di Sumatera: masalah dan solusi: prosiding semiloka, Palembang, Sumatera Selatan, 10 - 11 Desember 2003Suyanto, S.Chokkalingam, U.Wibowo, P.edsCIFORBogor, Indonesia2004peatlandsforest firescausesenvironmental impactcommunity involvementdeforestationplantation cropsfire effectssettlementwetlandsconferencesSumatra has a large and persistent wetland/peatland fire problem. Perspectives differ on the source and nature of the problem. There have been large negative environmental and socio-economic impacts arising from the fires. At the same time, fire is a useful tool for wetland use, and there are increasing population and development pressures on the wetlands. There is an urgent and critical need to identify, assess and resolve the problem fires; and work towards sustainable development and conservation of wetland resources.This book documents the insights and perspectives of different stakeholders in the wetlands of Sumatra on the key fire issues and their possible solutions in four common settings - a) Plantation and estate crop development, b) Remaining protection and production forests, c) Deforested wetlands mainly subject to local community use, and d) Transmigration agricultural development. They look beyond the fires at the underlying issues that need to be tackled such as development policies, livelihood pressures and options, and viable alternatives to burning in the wetlands. It is hoped that these insights from the ground will be useful for policy makers, forest managers, plantation companies, development agencies and non-governmental organizations to understand and work towards resolving Sumatra’s wetland fire problem. Lessons from Sumatra are also relevant for other wetland regions of Indonesia.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BSuyanto0301I0.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BSuyanto0301I1.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BSuyanto0301I2.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BSuyanto0301I3.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BSuyanto0301I4.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BSuyanto0301I5.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BSuyanto0301I6.pdf979-3361-49-2Book175p.idCIFOR Head Quarter1568IDA new agenda for forest conservation and poverty alleviation: making markets work for low-income producersScherr, S.J.White, A.Kaimowitz, DForest Trends and CIFORWashington, DC2004forest conservationforest productsmarketsforest economicscommunity forestrylow income groupspovertyrural developmentforest policyCommunity based forestry has the potential to contribute much more to achieving sustainable development and poverty reduction than is the case today. This paper describes and analyzes these potentials and demonstrates their feasibility with real world cases of community forest businesses and innovative policies and business partnerships. This preliminary assessment is offered as a first step in a longer-term effort to understand existing forest product and service markets, and to identify the most promising market opportunities for local community producers, focusing particularly on developing countries. Part I presents the broader context of forestry’s changing relation to rural development and poverty reduction. Part II develops a framework for considering which market niches have potential for poor producers. Part III proposes strategies and targeted actions to realize that potential.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BScherr0301.pdf0-9713606-6-9Book160p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1285IDEconomics of small-scale forest carbon projects in South Sumatra, IndonesiaGuillermo, I.AUniversity of the Philippines Los BanosLos Banos, Philippines2004economic analysiscarbonclean development mechanismprojectscostsforest plantationssmall farmscreditincentivesThesis (MSc.) - University of the Philippines Los BanosThe Clean Development Mechanism provides opportunities for land rehabilitation of degraded lands through afforestation and reforestation project activities in the effort to mitigate climate change. This study was conducted in a Pulai (Alstonia) plantation developed by PT. Xylo Indah Pratama, in South Sumatra, Indonesia, in partnership with more than 1,749 smallholders of private lands. The actual costs incurred in plantation development were used to estimate the potential cost of forest carbon projects in the same area. The existing plantation is not eligible as a sink project under the current rules of the CDM. However, results show potential for new groups of smallholders to be eligible. Under the same rules mentioned, a project with a size of 104 ha to 250 ha would cost $3,121/ha to $1,254/ha respectively, and can produce 130 tC (476 tCERs) after a 10-year crediting period. In order to attract farmers/smallholders of land in Musi Rawis to plant trees to help in climate change mitigation in small-scale, carbon must be sold at $62/t. The project will still be feasible, or be able to absorb the huge amount of fixed costs, at the minimum size of 104 ha. The cost of production per ha of a 10,000-ha project is $571 with a unit cost of $3.98/tC. The suitable market price is $17/tC to attract farmers to plant trees for climate change mitigation purposes if operated on a large-scale. The results further imply that if C is bought at the current market price of $10/tC, forest carbon projects will not be able to compete with other land-uses that provide better socio-economic benefits. Therefore, credits earned by low-income communities in particular should be considered as “additional incentive”.Book96p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1564IDGuerra, sociedad y medio ambienteCardenas, M.Becerra, M.R.edsForo Nacional AmbientalBogota, Colombia2004conflictnatural resourcesafforestation958-8101-17-4Book545p.esCIFOR Head Quarter1549COMeeting China's demand for forest products: an overview of import trends, ports of entry, and supplying countries, with emphasis on the Asia-Pacific region: China and forest trade in the Asia-pacific region: implications for forests and livelihoodsXiufang SunKatsigris, E.White, AForest Trends and CIFORWashington, DC2004importstradeforest productstimber tradetimber supplytrendspulp and paper industrypulpsSawnwoodsawmillinglivelihoodshttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/others/White-04-Forest-trends-China.pdf0-932928-00-6Bookiii, 31p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1547CNChina's forest product import trends 1997-2002: analysis of customs data with emphasis on Asia-Pacific supplying countries: China and forest trade in the Asia-pacific region: implications for forests and livelihoodsXiufang SunNian ChengWhite, A.West, R.A.Katsigris, EForest Trends and CIFORWashington, D.C., USA2004importstradeforest productstimber tradetimber supplytrendspulp and paper industrypulpsSawnwoodsawmillinglivelihoodshttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/others/White-04-Forest-trends-China-IMport%20trends.pdf0-9713606-8-5Bookiv, 74p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1548CNWho pays for and who benefits from improved timber harvesting practices in the tropics?: lessons learned and information gapsApplegate, G.Putz F.E.Snook, L.KCIFORBogor, Indonesia2004logginglogging effectstimberscost benefit analysisAlthough reduced-impact logging (RIL) techniques are well known and generally endorsed by tropical foresters, rates of adoption of RIL by loggers have been less than encouraging. The principal impediment to proper planning of logging operations, training and supervision of forest workers, and the other components of RIL is apparently the belief on the part of loggers that these improvements are costly to implement. Although there are reasons to doubt that many forest managers and forest operators are fully aware of the costs of each component of their timber harvesting operations, it cannot be disputed that there are additional costs of implementing some aspects of RIL for some forest stakeholders over some time periods. It should therefore be useful to all parties concerned to disaggregate RIL into its components and to analyse the costs and benefits of each from different perspectives. For example, if timber harvesting companies only obtain a portion of the benefits of RIL, then from their perspective it may not be appropriate to pay all of the supplementary costs associated with implementing RIL practices. To explore this issue in detail, this paper analyses four components of improved timber harvesting practices (stock and topographic mapping, directional felling, road planning and construction, and skid trail and road closure) on the basis of who pays the costs of implementation and who derives the benefits over both short and long terms. It is hoped that the information generated will assist in efforts at identifying which improved timber harvesting practices may require incentives and which can reasonably be considered the intrinsic responsibility of the timber harvesting company or contractor.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Who_Pays_for.pdf979-3361-42-5Book35p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1533CNSite management and productivity in tropical plantation forests: proceedings of workshops in Congo, July 2001 and China, February 2003Nambiar, E.K.S.Ranger, J.Tiarks, A.Toma, T.edsCIFORBogor, Indonesia2004forest plantationsEucalyptusAcaciasforest treesgrowthcyclingrotationsshort rotation forestryforestrysilvicultureproductivityconferenceshttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/zip-file/StMgnt-tropical.zip979-3361-41-7Book226p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1523CNSilvicultura en la Amazonia Peruana: diagnostico de experiencias en la region ucanyali y la provincia de Puerto IncaNalvarte, W.Sabogal, C.Galvan, O.Marmillod, D.Angulo, W.Cordova, N.Colan, VCIFOR, INAENA, INIA, Universidad Nacional de UcayaliPucallpa, Peru2004silvicultural systemsagroforestryregenerationSwietenia macrophyllaCedrela odorataAmburana cearensisCedrelinga catenaeformissecondary forestsThe documented silvicultural experience in the Peruvian Amazon dates back several decades with methods such as enrichment plantings, open plantations, agroforestry systems and management of natural regeneration of some commercial timber species. However, much of the known experiences are barely documented and there is almost no systematization and analysis. This document describes the methodology, results and main conclusions and recommendations of a diagnostic study geared to improve the utilization of the wide silvicultural experience in the Peruvian Amazon with native species and to offer technical recommendations to improve the competitivity of silvicultural practices for the regeneration of residual, degraded and secondary forests. The study was geographically restricted to the Ucayali region and the province of Puerto Inca in the department of Huánuco, where over the past two decades a rich experience has accumulated with several silvicultural methods and practices, duly documented in the study. The silvicultural analysis was carried out on 31 sites with a total of 61 assessment units. The database produced includes 32 tree species with over 13 mil registers corresponding to 4861 living trees on 110 ha sampled out of over 800 ha evaluated. The results for those species with more consistent information is presented, which includes caoba (Swietenia macrophylla), cedro (Cedrela odorata), ishpingo (Amburana cearensis) and tornillo (Cedrelinga catenaeformis). Finally, the study arrives at several conclusions with implications and recommendations.9793361395Book105p.esCIFOR Head Quarter1519PERetos y perspectivas del nuevo regimen forestal en el norte amazonico bolivianode Jong, WCIFORBogor, Indonesia2004tropical forestsforest managementhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Retos_y_perspectivas.pdf979-3361-45-XBook152p.esCIFOR Head Quarter1512BOThe amphibians and reptiles of Malinau Region, Bulungan Research Forest, East Kalimantan: annonated checklist with notes on the ecological presence of the species and local utilizationIskandar, D.TCIFORBogor, Indonesia2004Amphibiareptilesspecies diversitylogging effectschecklistslogging effectsedited by Douglas Sheil and Meilinda WanThe amphibians and reptiles of CIFOR's field site in Malinau were investigated and observed followed by interviews with local people. A total of 97 species were noted, and 76 among them were confirmed. Malinau is an ecologically rich area for an exploited forest and researchers found less logging damage than previously believed. This study indicates that current logging activity has only minimal impact on frog diversity. Although their abundance is relatively low, the present study is unable to link this fact with logging activities because diversity levels are similar to those in undisturbed forests. All streams contain roughly the same species, indicating that the habitat itself is essentially homogenous. Knowledge of the habitat of amphibian species should be explored more deeply for future monitoring of logging activities. The local people used turtles, monitor lizards and phythons as food, but rarely eat frogs. Therefore the reasonfor the low number of large adults frogs of the genus Limmonextes is most probably the result of natural causes and not by human exploitation.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Amphibian_Reptiles.pdf979-3361-65-4Bookvi, 27p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1503BOForest governance in federal systems: an overview of experinces and implications for decentralization: work in progressGregersen, H.Contreras-Hermosilla, A.White, A.Phillips, LCIFORBogor, Indonesia2004decentralizationforest managementgovernanceAlso available in Russian.Bookvii, 80p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1501BOForest governance in federal systems: an overview of experinces and implications for decentralization: work in progress [Russian]Gregersen, H.Contreras-Hermosilla, A.White, A.Phillips, LForest TrendsWashington, DC2004decentralizationforest managementgovernanceAlso available in English5-9618-0008-3Book123p.ruCIFOR Head Quarter1698BODesmatamento na Amazonia: indo alem da "emergencia cronica"Alencar, A.Nepstad, D.C.McGrath, D.Moutinho, P.Pacheco, P.Carmen Vera Diaz, M. delSoares Filho, BInstituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazonia (IPAM)Belem, Brazil2004deforestationcauseseconomicssocial impactforest conservationmonitoringgovernment policyThe main challenge that the Amazon region poses is what should be done to avoid that the region will follow the fate of other tropical regions: forest destruction and poverty. The fact that most of 80 percent of the region remains as forest leaves us the opportunity to build the way towards sustainable development. This is a time to resolve the antagonism between development and conservation, and to adopt a new model of sustainable development which could be able to embrace social and economic goals, along with conservation objectives. The critical issue is to ameliorate deforestation, mainly that portion of deforestation that does not bring benefits for the Brazilian society. The government has to intervene to achieve such objectives, but taking into account that the Amazon frontier embraces diverse realities. Only a joint effort between government and the civil society organization will be able to achieve success. This work is aimed at identifying the economic and social causes behind deforestation, and proposing some recommendations to build a more efficient system of monitoring.http://www.ipam.org.br/publicacoes/livros/resumo_desmatamento.phpBook89p.ptCIFOR Head Quarter1496BRPlanes de manejo en concesiones forestales con fines maderables: lineamientos para su elaboracion y formatos de presentationINRENAINRENA, CIFOR, FONDEBOSQUELima, Peru2004forest managementconcessionsdevelopment plansINRENACIFORProyecto INRENA-CIFOR-FONDEBOSQUE “Apoyo a la implementación del nuevo régimen forestal a través de la capacitación a asociaciones de productores forestales concesionarios en la Amazonía peruana"Book116p.esCIFOR Head Quarter1490BRManual practico para operadores forestalesINRENAINRENA, CIFOR, FONDEBOSQUELima, Peru2004handbooksloggingtechniquesfellingskiddingtrainingCIFORFONDEBOSQUEProyecto INRENA-CIFOR-FONDEBOSQUE "apoyo a la implementacion del nuevo regimen forestal a traves de la capacitacion a asociaciones de productores forestales concesionarios en la Amazonia peruana"The purpose of this manual is to serve as a support and reference tool to be used in the training of timber operators on reduced impact harvesting techniques. The main focus of the manual is on mechanized harvesting operations in typical conditions found in terra firme forests of the Peruvian Amazon. The themes covered are safety guidelines and equipment, stock survey of commercial timber, directional felling, planning and construction of harvesting infrastructure, skidding and yarding operations979-3361-38-7Book74p.esCIFOR Head Quarter1491PEExplorando la biodiversidad, el medio ambiente y las perspectivas de los pobladores en areas boscosas: metodos para la valoracion multidisciplinaria del paisajeSheil, D.Puri, R.K.Basuki, I.van Heist, M.Wan, M.Liswanti, N.RukmiyatiSardjono, M.A.Samsoedin, I.Sidiyasa, K.D.ChrisandiniPermana, E.Angi, E.M.Gatzweiler, F.Johnson, B.Wijaya, ACIFORBogor, Indonesia2004biodiversityforestslandscapeland use planningassessmentmethodologyhandbookscommunity forestryAlso available in English, French, and IndonesianThis book for the first time brings together a suite of effective methods as a guidance on how to deal with the needs of local communities and biodiversity in landscapes required by decision makers. The techniques provide conventional biophysical descriptions of the landscape and explicitly relate this information to local needs, preferences and value systems. These methods can be used to guide future research and to make recommendations on options about land use and policy. The methods described in this report also provide a foundation for deeper dialogue with the forest communities.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-spanish1.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-spanish1.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-spanish2.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-spanish3.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-spanish4.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-french.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-Ina.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/exploring_bio.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Appendices_Exploring.pdf979-3361-27-1Book91p.esCIFOR Head Quarter1616IDProductos forestales, medios de subsistencia y conservacion: estudios de caso sobre sistemas de manejo de productos forestales no maderables. volumen 3 - America LatinaAlexiades, M.N.Shanley, P.edsCIFORBogor, Indonesia2004forest productsnon-timber forest productssocial welfarenature conservationcase studieshttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/NTFPLatin_America/TOC-Chapter5.PDFhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/NTFPLatin_America/Chapter6-Chapter10.PDFhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/NTFPLatin_America/Chapter11-Chapter16.PDFhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/NTFPLatin_America/Chapter17-Chapter20.PDFhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/NTFPLatin_America/Chapter21-Chapter24.PDFhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BAlexiades0701.pdf979-3361-26-3Bookxv, 499p.esCIFOR Head Quarter1489IDProceedings of a Workshop on Tropical Secondary Forest Management in Africa: Reality and Perspectives, Nairobi, Kenya, 09-13 December 2002Liss, B.M.Geldenhuys, C.Mwagore, D.Kuzee, M.Chokkalingam, U.Savenije, H.Castaneda, F.(prepared by)FAORome, Italy2003secondary foreststropical forestsconferencesThe workshop was organized by FAO, GTZ (Germany) and EC-LNV (Netherlands) in collaboration with CIFOR and the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/006/J0628E/J0628E00.HTMBookix, 390p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1488IDThe Nairobi proposal for action: towards sustainable management and development of tropical secondary forests in Anglophone AfricaCastaneda, F.Kuzee, M.Chokkalingam, U.Jama, B.Dotzauer, H.Savenije, H.(prepared by)FAORome, Italy2003secondary foreststropical forestsconferencesforest managementThis document has been prepared on the basis of the findings of the Workshop on Tropical Secondary Forest Management in Africa: Reality and Perspectives, Nairobi, Kenya, 09-13 December 2002http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/006/J0709E/J0709E00.HTMBookv, 36p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1543IDActes: FAO/IUCN Atelier Regional Sur la Gestion des Forets Tropicales Secondaires en Afrique Francophone: Realite et Perspectives, Douala, Cameroon, 17-21 Novembre 2003Castaneda, F.Kuzee, M.Chokkalingam, U.Jama, B.Dotzauer, H.Savenije, H.(prepared by)FAORome, Italy2004secondary foreststropical forestsconferencesThe workshop was organized by EC-LNV (Netherlands), GTZ (Germany), the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), CIFOR and MINEFBookxi, 280p.frCIFOR Head Quarter1657IDForest products, livelihoods and conservation: case studies on non-timber forest product systems. volume 2 - AfricaSunderland, T.C.H.Ndoye, O.edsCIFORBogor, Indonesia2004non-timber forest productsmedicinal plantsfruitswood carvingcanes and rattanscommercializationconservationcase studiesThis book contains 17 case studies of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in Africa. it reveals an ancient system of resources moving through space and time, resources which further enable African people benefit from their marketing capacity locally. As these case studies show, establishing or strengthening markets for NTFPs can help to encourage renewable resource conservation and can contribute significantly to rural livelihoods. However, for NTFP extraction to 'save' large tracts of forests will have to be resolved, just as it must be resolved if eco-tourism, selective logging or any other economic activity is to be conducted in an environmentally sound manner. In addition, attempts to raise the market value of NTFPs, and therefore rural incomes, could be self-defeating if agricultural production of these products originally harvested from the wild is the result. In addition, understanding the political economy is crucial in addressing the economic, social and isntitutional contexts in which NTFPs are harvested and traded. The report are organized to present a standard set of information to support comparative analysis, but the authors also included each detail, idocyncracies and analyses of issues and opportunities in their own cases. Individually, the cases provide a wealth of interesting and useful information.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/NTFPAfrica/TOC-Chapter6.PDFhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/NTFPAfrica/Chapter7-Chapter13.PDFhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/NTFPAfrica/Chapter14-Chapter18.PDF979-3361-25-5Bookxiv, 333p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1482IDForest products, livelihoods and conservation: case studies of non-timber forest product systems. volume 1 - AsiaKusters, K.Belcher, B.edsCIFORBogor, Indonesia2004non-timber forest productsproductionconsumptionincomehouseholdscommercializationconservationcase studiesNon-timber forest products (NTFPs) provide important sources of subsistence, income and employment everywhere there are forests (and sometimes even where there are none). With new emphasis on poverty alleviation and livelihood improvement in national and international development agendas, this group of products seems to offer means to increasing welfare in an environmentally sound way. And yet, despite more than a decade of research and targeted development projects, systematic understanding of the economic behaviour of NTFPs, and other role and potential in conservation and development, remains weak. To help fill this gap, a large group of researchers combined efforts to compare and contrast individual cases of commercial NTFP production, processing and trade from Asia. The cases represent a range of product kinds, biophysical, social, and economic conditions. As part of the research process they are described in narrative reports. This book presents 21 cases from Asia. This report is organized to present a standard set of information to support comparative analysis, but the authors also included rich details, idiosyncrasies and analyses of issues and opportunities in their own cases.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/NTFPAsia/TOC-Chapter5.PDFhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/NTFPAsia/Chapter6-Chapter11.PDFhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/NTFPAsia/Chapter12-Chapter16.PDFhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/NTFPAsia/Chapter17-Chapter22.PDF979-3361-24-7Bookxii, 365p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1477IDRiches of the forest: for health, life and spirit in AfricaLopez, C.Shanley, P.edsCIFORBogor, Indonesia2004non-timber forest productsusesanimalsbarkrootsfoodsfruitsmedicinal plantscase studiesforest productswood carvingcanes and rattansharvestingtradeThis volume brings to life 19 case studies featuring forest plants and animals. The botanical cases are presented according to the main part of the plant being used - the fruit, bark, roots or wood. Sometimes the plants have multiple uses, or different cultures may use the same part of a particular plant in different ways. Animals and animal products that require forest habitat are also critical for rural livelihoods, and are represented in this volume by bush meat and weevil larvae. In each case, the contributors describe the main characteristics of the forest product, its historical usage, harvesting and management, and how it is processed and traded. In closing, each author comments briefly on trends and current issues regarding the resource. The final chapter reviews common themes and lessons that can be drawn from these cases.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Restution-Africa_case/NTFP-Africa-case-part1.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Restution-Africa_case/NTFP-Africa-case-part2.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Restution-Africa_case/NTFP-Africa-case-part3.pdf979-3361-36-0Book115p.; ill.enCIFOR Head Quarter1475IDRiches of the forest: fruits, remedies and handicrafts in Latin AmericaLopez, C.Shanley, P.Fantini, A.C.edsCIFORBogor, Indonesia2004non-timber forest productsusesbarkrootsfoodsfruitsmedicinal plantscase studiesforest productswood carvingharvestingtradehandicraftsplantsseedsshootsexudatescommercializationAlso available in Spanish published in 2006 .This book compiles traditional and specialized knowledge about 26 plants used by rural and urban people in Latin America. The pages tell real-life stories about a wide range of forest products and the people who use and manage them. The book describes what we can learn from the people who carve out a living harvesting these forest products? The individual chapters illustrate how different forest foods, fibres and medicines are grown, harvested, processed and traded. Through these stories we learn about the history of such products - some of which have been used and traded for centuries, while others are relatively new. It also shows the various opportunities and problems that collectors and traders face, and the way they respond to change. In each case, the book describes the main characteristics of the forest product, its historical usage, harvesting and management, and how it is processed and traded. In closing, each author comments briefly on trends and current issues regarding the resource. The final chapter reviews common themes and lessons that can be drawn from these cases.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BLopez0401E0.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BLopez0801S.pdf979-3361-46-8Book140p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1612MXThe effects decentralisation on forests and forest industries in Berau district, East KalimantanObidzinski, K.Barr, CCIFORBogor, Indonesia2003decentralizationforest products industriesconcessionsloggingcommunity forestrylocal governmentcentral governmentforest policyBerau district has been one of East Kalimantan’s largest sources of timber since the mid-1980s. Until the fall of the Suharto regime in 1998, most of the district’s formal timber production was conducted by large-scale HPH concession holders, and the vast majority of the fiscal revenues generated flowed to the national government. Over the last several years, considerable volumes of logs have also been harvested illegally both by timber concessionaires and by small-scale manual loggers. Following the onset of Indonesia’s regional autonomy and decentralization processes in late 1998, district officials moved aggressively to establish greater administrative control over the forest resources within their jurisdiction. They did so by allocating large numbers of small-scale forest conversion licenses, known as IPPK permits. Many of these were assigned to ‘foundations’ established by local entrepreneurs to coordinate the creation of logging ventures with village cooperatives and other community groups in parts of Berau with valuable stands of timber. When the central government pressured district governments to stop issuing IPPK permits within the officially designated ‘Forest Estate’ in late 2000, Berau officials shifted tactics and began allocating a new type of logging permit, nown as IPKTM, in forested areas where individuals or community groups held titles of ownership or other types of land certificates. District officials have also pressured PT Inhutani I, the state forestry enterprise owned by the central government, and other HPH concession holders to enter into equity partnerships with the district government. This has given the district government a direct stake in protecting the operations of HPH concession holders, and Berau’s bupati has publicly discouraged local stakeholders from making claims against the companies—a phenomenon that has been common in much of East Kalimantan. In cases where local communities have made such claims, the district government has generally encouraged the various parties to negotiate a peaceful solution to the dispute without outside mediation. In many cases, this process has led HPH holders to relinquish small portions of their concessions to community groups and to make modest compensatory payments. However, such agreements have frequently provided uncertain benefits for the communities’ long-term livelihoods, as they are structured as short-term fixes rather than a fundamental restructuring of the company-community relationship that was established during the New Order period. http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Decentralisation-Case9.pdf979-8764-86-2Bookxii, 33p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1470MXMengeksplorasi keanekaragaman hayati, lingkungan dan pandangan masyarakat lokal mengenai berbagai lanskap hutan: metode-metode penilaian lanskap secara multidisiplinerSheil, D.Puri, R.K.Basuki, I.van Heist, M.Wan, M.Liswanti, N.RukmiyatiSardjono, M.A.Samsoedin, I.Sidiyasa, K.D.ChrisandiniPermana, E.Angi, E.M.Gatzweiler, F.Johnson, B.Wijaya, ACIFORBogor, Indonesia2004biodiversityforestslandscapeenvironmentindigenous knowledgeassessmentsurveysmethodologycommunity forestryAlso available in English, French and Spanish.This document is intended for those interested in gathering natural resource information that reflects the needs of local communities. It describes a multidisciplinary survey developed with indigenous communities in the fores-rich landscapes of the Malinau watershed in East Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo). The final methods reflect a mixture of judgements, compromises and reactions to trials over many months. It is intended that it is useful to readers from diverse backgrounds given the multidisciplinary nature of the procedures described. This is not intended as a manual. It is a summary of lessons learned.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-Ina.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/exploring_bio.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Appendices_Exploring.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-french.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-spanish1.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-spanish1.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-spanish2.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-spanish3.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-spanish4.pdf979-3361-29-8Book101p.idCIFOR Head Quarter1458MXThe science of sustainable development: local livelihoods and the global environmentSayer, J.A.Campbell, B.MCambridge University PressCambridge, UK2004natural resourcesmanagementnature conservationenvironmental managementrural developmentsustainabilityThis book attempts to redefine roles of government agencies, development assistance programmes and science in achieving a more sustainable future of rural landscapes in tropical developing countries. Science faces major challenges in tackling the inter-linked problems of poverty and environmental sustainability. This book reviews how practical science can be applied to real-life conservation and development problems, and aims to demystify the sometimes obscure science of natural resources management, interpreting it for the benefit of those who need to deal with the day-to-day problems of managing complex natural resource systems. The book responds to needs expressed by the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Global Environment Facility and many other international fora where the problems of conserving the environment in poor countries are debated. It gives practical guidance to those who design and manage conservation programmes and demonstrates that new technologies are now available that enable integrated natural resource management to move from a theory to a reality. The threats to the natural environment posed by globalisation require an integrated response that can yield real benefits to those living in tropical developing countries, whilst also achieving global environment objectives.0-521-82728-0Bookxix, 268p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1453MXForest products and rural households: woodcraft commercialisation in Southern ZimbabweBraedt, OKommissionsverlag, Buchhandlung Max WiedebuschHamburg2003thesesnon-timber forest productswood carvingforest resourcestradeincomerural economyrural communitiesinstitutionsThesis - Ph.D. (Hamburg University, Faculty of Biology)The focus of this thesis is to assess the importance and potential of forest products for the sustainable development of tropical rural areas and, specifically, the role of forest product commercialisation for rural households. By using the example of woodcraft sector the book reveals aspects which need to be addressed in order to achieve sustained income from forest product commercialisation. The study concludes that there is little ecological and silvicultural information regarding communal area forests to inform the policy development process in regard to woodcraft sector in Zimbabwe. Macroeconomic policies, forestry regulations, certification efforts, and the creation of market information systems are some aspects that need to be addressed so that forest product dependent livelihoods can be secured. Three aspects to be considered to sustain the flow of income obtained through the commercialisation of forest products: (1) legal contradictions which relate to woodcraft production and sale, (2) the formal recognition and incorporation of the sector, and (3) the provision of the alternative wood supplies.Bookxii, 207p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1454ZWRiches of the forest: food, spices, crafts and resins of AsiaLopez, C.Shanley, P.edsCIFORBogor, Indonesia2004non-timber forest productsusesbirdsplantsfoodsfruitsmushroomsspicesresinscase studiesforest productsharvestingtradeAlso available in Japanese and IndonesianThis book contains 20 case studies that explain how a selection of forest resources featuring forest plans, animals and fungi are harvested, processed and traded. The botanical cases are presented according to the main part of the plant being used - the fruit, bark or resin. Sometimes the plants have multiple uses, or different cultures may use the same part of a particular plant in different ways. Animals and animal products that require forest habitat are also critical for rural livelihoods, and are represented in this volume by edible bird's nests and insect larvae. In each case, the book describes the main characteristics of the forest product, its historical usage, harvesting and management, and how it is processed and traded. In closing, each author comments briefly on trends and current issues regarding the resource. The final chapter reviews common themes and lessons that can be drawn from these cases.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/NTFP-Asia-case.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BLopez0801J0.pdf979-3361-18-2Book116p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1452ZWOil wealth and the fate of forest: a comparative study of eight tropical countriesWunder, SRoutledgeLondon, UK2003deforestationfuel oilpetroleumenvironmental impactland usenational incomemacroeconomicstradetropical forestsOil production can damage rainforests, but this is just one side of a complicated story about the impact of oil on land use. This book a study of eight tropical oil-producing countries, examines the linkages between trade, macroeconomics and policies affecting the environment. In a balanced and comprehensive review, including a detailed assessment of land use in Cameroon, Ecuador, Gabon, Papua New Guinea and Venezuela, the author comes up with a counterintuitive suggestion: oil revenues often indirectly come to protect tropical forests. There are numerous implications for policy formulation to decide what can be done to diminish deforestation without jeopardising economic growth.0-415-27867-8Bookxxi, 432p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1439CMDecentralisation of administration, policy making and forest management in Ketapang district, West KalimantanSoetarto, E.Sitorus, M.T.F.Napiri, M.YCIFORBogor, Indonesia2001decentralizationforest policycustomary lawplantationsoil palmsrubber plantsnational parksillicit loggingconservationlocal governmentlocal peopleresource managementThis study examines the preliminary impacts of Indonesia's decentralization process on the administration and management of forest resources in Ketapang District, West Kalimantan. The case study is based on field work carried out in mid-2000, using a rapid appraisal methodology. The report covers the impacts of decentralization in three areas, in particular: customary adat communities, oil palm and rubber plantations, and conservation issues related to Gunung Palang National Park. In each of these areas, the authors examine struggles among competing interest groups that have arisen under decentralization. The study finds that with the shift of administrative authority to the district level, the district government in Ketapang tool measures to generate local sources of revenues by issuing large numbers of small-scale timber extraction permits and to 'legalize' the transport of timber that had otherwise been harvested illegally. The study also finds that the very limited flow of formal revenues from the Gunung Palang National Park to the district government has encouraged an escalation of illegal logging within the park's boundaries. It is recommended that the Ketapang district government become more involved in administering the national park to ensure that economic interests of both the district government and local communities are accomodated in the park's management.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Decentralisation-Case8.pdf979-8764-85-4Bookxiii, 55p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1441CMA manual of diseases of eucalyptus in South-East AsiaOld, K.M.Wingfield, M.J.Zi Qing YuanCIFORBogor, Indonesia2003Eucalyptusplantationsforest plantationsplant diseasesfoliagecankersbranchesstemsrootsnurserieshandbooksAvoidance of major epidemics of eucalypt diseases in South-East Asia requires an increases awareness of the risks from pathogens, inherent in plantation forestry and a systematic approach to disease management. A good knowledge is needed of those diseases, present in plantations. Based on such knowledge, tree species, provenances and clones can be assessed for their susceptibility to major pathogens and strategies can be devised for the systematic deployment of different clones of widely varying parentage throughout plantation regions. Clonal forestry then has the potential to become a powerful means for the control of plantation diseases, as practised in Brazil and South Africa for eucalypt cankers, rather than increasing the risk of epidemics. This manual will be of assistance to those charged with maintaining the health of eucalypt plantations, in identifying the common diseases present in their region. It provides recommendations for disease management and offers an introduction to relevant world literature. The manual is a companion to the earlier CIFOR-published "A manual of diseases of tropical acacias in Australia, South-East Asia and India.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/eucalypts.pdf064306530Bookv, 98p.; ill. coll.enCIFOR Head Quarter1428CMBuku panduan 41 taman nasional di Indonesia: Guidebook of 41 national parks in IndonesiaIndonesia. Ministry of ForestryMinistry of Forestry, UNESCO and CIFORJakarta, Indonesia2003national parksheritage areasnature conservationreserved areastourist attractionsnature tourismguide booksCIFORUNESCOAlso available in English.This guidebook introduces the 41 national parks in Indonesia, with maps describing the biodiversity, unique features and characteristics of these national parks, and where they can be found. For natural travels, it tells about the main attractions and the significant values that people must care about. This diversity and the unique characteristics of endemic, endangered and protected flora and fauna as well as the wonders of natural phenomena and landscapes, can perhaps best be witnessed in this country's national parks. As of March 2003, 41 national parks have been designated, with total areas 14,973 hectares that covers terrestrial and marine of national parks.979-8764-95-1Book166p.; ill.idCIFOR Head Quarter1429IDSistem informasi geografis untuk pengelolaan sumberdaya alamPuntodewo, A.Dewi, S.Tarigan, JCIFORBogor, Indonesia2003geographical information systemsnatural resourcesresource managementcomputer techniquesdata processingmappinghandbookstrainingspatial datahttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/SIGeografis/SIG-part-1.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/SIGeografis/SIG-part-2.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/SIGeografis/SIG-part-3.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/SIGeografis/SIG-part-4.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/SIGeografis/SIG-part-5.pdf979-3361-33-6Bookviii, 127p.; ill.idCIFOR Head Quarter1430IDGuidebook of 41 national parks in IndonesiaIndonesia. Ministry of ForestryMinistry of Forestry, UNESCO and CIFORJakarta, Indonesia2003national parksheritage areasnature conservationreserved areastourist attractionsnature tourismguide booksCIFORUNESCOAlso available in Indonesian.This guidebook introduces the 41 national parks in Indonesia, with maps describing the biodiversity, unique features and characteristics of these national parks, and where they can be found. For natural travels, it tells about the main attractions and the significant values that people must care about. This diversity and the unique characteristics of endemic, endangered and protected flora and fauna as well as the wonders of natural phenomena and landscapes, can perhaps best be witnessed in this country's national parks. As of March 2003, 41 national parks have been designated, with total areas 14,973 hectares that covers terrestrial and marine of national parks.979-8764-96-XBook168p.; ill.enCIFOR Head Quarter1431IDExploring biological diversity, environment and local people's perspectives in forest landscapes: methods for a multidisciplinary landscape assessmentSheil, D.Puri, R.K.Basuki, I.van Heist, M.Wan, M.Liswanti, N.RukmiyatiSardjono, M.A.Samsoedin, I.Sidiyasa, K.D.ChrisandiniPermana, E.Angi, E.M.Gatzweiler, F.Johnson, B.Wijaya, A2003biodiversityforestslandscapeenvironmentassessmentmethodologycommunity forestryindigenous knowledge2nd ed.Also available in Indonesian, Spanish and FrenchThis document is intended for those interested in gathering natural resource information that reflects the needs of local communities. It describes a multidisciplinary survey developed with indigenous communities in the fores-rich landscapes of the Malinau watershed in East Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo). The final methods reflect a mixture of judgements, compromises and reactions to trials over many months. It is intended that it is useful to readers from diverse backgrounds given the multidisciplinary nature of the procedures described. This is not intended as a manual. It is a summary of lessons learned.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/exploring_bio.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Appendices_Exploring.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-french.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-Ina.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-spanish1.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-spanish1.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-spanish2.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-spanish3.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-spanish4.pdf979-8764-88-9Book93p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1436IDForests and people: research that makes a differenceCIFORCIFORBogor, Indonesia2003CIFORresearch institutesforest managementsustainabilityresearchinternational organizationshttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/CIFOR%2010th_ANNIV_1-38.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/CIFOR%2010th_ANNIV_39-90.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/PartAnnexe-CIFOR_anniv.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/AR2002S0.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/AR2002E0.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/AR2002F0.pdfBook90p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1437IDBosques y comunidades: investigacion que marca la diferenciaCIFORCIFORBogor, Indonesia2003CIFORresearch institutesforest managementsustainabilityresearchinternational organizationshttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/AR2002S0.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/AR2002E0.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/CIFOR%2010th_ANNIV_1-38.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/CIFOR%2010th_ANNIV_39-90.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/PartAnnexe-CIFOR_anniv.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/AR2002F0.pdfBook90p.esCIFOR Head Quarter1544IDForets et populations: vers une recherche qui fait une differenceCIFORCIFORBogor, Indonesia2003CIFORresearch institutesforest managementsustainabilityresearchinternational organizationshttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/AR2002F0.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/AR2002S0.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/AR2002E0.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/CIFOR%2010th_ANNIV_1-38.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/CIFOR%2010th_ANNIV_39-90.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/PartAnnexe-CIFOR_anniv.pdfBook90p.frCIFOR Head Quarter1545IDScience for forests and people: CIFOR annual report 2003CIFORCIFORBogor, Indonesia2004CIFORresearch institutesforest managementsustainabilityresearchresearch projectsinternational organizationsreportshttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/docs/_ref/publications/AReports/english2003/index.htmhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/AReport03.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/AReport03s.pdf979-3361-52-2Book72p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1573IDCIFOR annual report annexe 2002CIFORCIFORBogor, Indonesia2003CIFORresearch institutesforest managementsustainabilityresearchinternational organizationsAn annex to Forests and people: research that makes a difference [annual report 2002]http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/CIFOR%2010th_ANNIV_1-38.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/CIFOR%2010th_ANNIV_39-90.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/PartAnnexe-CIFOR_anniv.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/AR2002S0.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/AR2002E0.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/AR2002F0.pdfBook26p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1592IDCiencia aplicada en bosques y comunidades: CIFOR Informe Anual 2003CIFORCIFORBogor, Indonesia2004CIFORresearch institutesforest managementsustainabilityresearchresearch projectsinternational organizationsreportsAlso available in Englishhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/docs/_ref/publications/AReports/english2003/index.htmhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/AReport03.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/AReport03s.pdf979-3361-52-2Book72p.esCIFOR Head Quarter1712IDEnsuring corporate-smallholder partnerships benefit all players and the environmentNawir, A.ACIFORBogor, Indonesia2003forest plantationspartnershipscommunity forestrycommunitiescompaniesfarmersprivate sectorThis CD-ROM includes two publications printed by CIFOR and FAO: A.A. Nawir, L. Santoso, I. Mudhovar. Towards mutually-beneficial company-community partnerships in timber plantation: lessons learnt from Indonesia 2. A.A. Nawir, C.H. Anyonge, D. Race, Vermeulen, S. Towards equitable partnerships between corporate and small holder partnerships - relating partnerships to social, economic and environment indicators: synthesis of a workshop to develop joint proposal for an action learning programme between farm foresters, private companies, and research and extension agencies, Bogor, Indonesia, 21-23 May 2002.Book1 CD-ROMenCIFOR Head Quarter1411IDWhen the Dutch disease met the French connection: oil, macroeconomics and forests in GabonWunder, SCIFORBogor, Indonesia2003oilsindustryforest conservationdeforestationgovernment policymacroeconomicsEng. ed.Also available in FrenchGabon’s oil wealth coincides with the fact that it is one of the most forested countries in Africa; about four-fifths of its land area is covered by forests. But this is not really a coincidence. The central hypothesis of this report is that oil rents have enabled a series of pro-urban, anti-rural policies that, together with the low demographic pressure, have been key in protecting forests from degradation and deforestation. In particular, forest conversion to cropland has been contained. Most probably, oil has helped expand forest cover in absolute terms. This has occurred through a number of economy-wide market and policy responses to oil wealth. Yet, none of the policies has been implemented because the government cared particularly about forests. Rather, the policies accompanying oil wealth have caused agriculture to decline. This misfortune has enabled forests to expand by default. Gabon’s unintentional, ‘blind’ conservation policies have been far more successful in conserving forests than most of those designed consciously by governments that actively strive to protect their forests through direct conservation measures. The gradually emerging decline in Gabon’s oil revenues thus poses serious challenges both for the macroeconomy and for forest conservation. The final part of this report discusses development scenarios and specific policy options for how to adjust to declining oil rents without sacrificing Gabon’s rich forests.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Macroeconomics_fr.pdf979-3361-34-4Book70p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1406GAQuand le syndrome Neerlandais: petrole, macroeconomie et forets au GabonWunder, SCIFORBogor, Indonesia2003oilsindustryforest conservationdeforestationgovernment policymacroeconomicsFrench ed.Also available in EnglishGabon’s oil wealth coincides with the fact that it is one of the most forested countries in Africa; about four-fifths of its land area is covered by forests. But this is not really a coincidence. The central hypothesis of this report is that oil rents have enabled a series of pro-urban, anti-rural policies that, together with the low demographic pressure, have been key in protecting forests from degradation and deforestation. In particular, forest conversion to cropland has been contained. Most probably, oil has helped expand forest cover in absolute terms. This has occurred through a number of economy-wide market and policy responses to oil wealth. Yet, none of the policies has been implemented because the government cared particularly about forests. Rather, the policies accompanying oil wealth have caused agriculture to decline. This misfortune has enabled forests to expand by default. Gabon’s unintentional, ‘blind’ conservation policies have been far more successful in conserving forests than most of those designed consciously by governments that actively strive to protect their forests through direct conservation measures. The gradually emerging decline in Gabon’s oil revenues thus poses serious challenges both for the macroeconomy and for forest conservation. The final part of this report discusses development scenarios and specific policy options for how to adjust to declining oil rents without sacrificing Gabon’s rich forests.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Macroeconomics_fr.pdf979-3361-35-2Book76p.frCIFOR Head Quarter1407GAPolicies and governance structures in woodlands of Southern AfricaKowero, G.Campbell, B.M.Sumaila, U.R.edsCIFORBogor, Indonesia2003forest managementforest policycommunity involvementprivate sectorstructural adjustmentrural developmentwoodlandshttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/policies/Policies_SouthernAfrica-1.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/policies/Policies_SouthernAfrica-2.pdf979-3361-22-0Book438p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1408GATowards equitable partnerships between corporate and smallholder partners: relating partnerships to social, economic and environmental indicators: workshop synthesisNawir, A.A.Anyonge, C.H.Race, D.Vermeulen, SFAORome, Italy2003partnershipsplantationsforest plantationscommunity forestryforest products industriesconferencesSynthesis of a workshop to develop joint proposals for an action learning programme among farm foresters, private companies, and research and extension agencies held in CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia 21-23 May 2002. Co-sponsored by the center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and FAO Forest Resources Division.An important means of expanding plantation production and benefiting small-scale producers is through corporate smallholder partnerships that establish agreements for industries to purchase wood produced by other parties, including but not limited to smallholders. The workshop, and subsequent synthesis described in this document, attempted to bring together the perspectives of the private sector, government, non-governmental organizations and research institutions who are actively working on this important topic. The results of this workshop will certainly help in the identification and formulation of ways forward in equitable and environmentally sustainable planted forest management. The output speak themselves, but it is clear that more needs to be done with regard to corporate smallholder partnerships if forestry development is truly to meet the multiple objectives of poverty alleviation and the production of fibre for expanding markets. This document contains the background materials, research papers and country papers from Indonesia and South Africa.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Toward_equitable_part-1.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Toward_equitable_part-2.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Toward_equitable_part-3.pdfBookxiv, 234p. [online] URL: http.://www.fao.org/DOCREp./005/Y4803E/Y4803E00.HTMenCIFOR Head Quarter1405GAMunicipal forest management in Latin AmericaFerroukhi, L.edCIFOR and IDRCBogor, Indonesia2003decentralizationlocal peopleforest managementlocal governmentCIFORIDRCAlso available in Spanishhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/municipal_forest.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/La_gestion27.pdf979-3361-05-0Book235p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1399BOLuz de America: comunidad y biodiversidad AmazonicaZapata, D.M.O.Gonzales, L.A.Larrea, J.F.Gonzalez, B.Silva, E.Arellanos, A.Meo, S.de Jong, WCIFORBogor, Indonesia2003methodologyassessmentgovernancelandscapecommunitiesbiodiversityProblems with governance of forests are closely linked to incompatible interests between different stakeholders. Having a clearer understanding of the relative importance of forest landscape functions among stakeholders can bring much clarity about why governance problems persist. The voice of the weakest actors is often insufficiently heard in decision-making processes that affect how stakeholders can use forests. CIFOR has developed potentially rapid and efficient assessment procedures that, as far as possible, explicitly identify and describe what landscape functions that are most important for forest dependent communities. This Multidisciplinary Landscape Assessment (MLA) set of methods was developed in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The “Stakeholders and biodiversity in the forest of the future project” tested and further developed the MLA methods in Bolivia (humid forest) and Mozambique (woodlands).979-3361-14-XBookvi, 90p.; ill.esCIFOR Head Quarter1372BOLa gestion forestal municipal en American latinaFerroukhi, L.edCIFOR and IDRCBogor, Indonesia2003participationlocal peopleforest managementdecentralizationCIFORIDRCAlso available in Englishhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/La_gestion27.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/municipal_forest.pdf979-3361-05-0Book236p.esCIFOR Head Quarter1346HNAdaptive collaborative management: criteria and indicators for assessing sustainabilityPokorny, B.Cayres, G.Nunes, W.Segebart, D.Drude, R.Steinbrenner, MCIFORBogor, Indonesia2003sustainabilityforest managementparticipationlearningadaptationcommunity forestryselection criteriaAdaptive Collaborative Management (ACM) is an integrative approach for implementing sustainable management of natural resources, based on a main hypothesis, that is: if there is a high degree of collaboration between stakeholders combined with a high adaptiveness of management systems, the result will be a higher degree of human well being and ecological sustainability. A worldwide network under the umbrella of the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) is engaged in researching the potential and methodological aspects related to ACM. Communication is fundamental for facilitating the collaboration between the stakeholders. To support this communication and to enable a transparent and efficient discussion about sustainable forest management by rural communities, we developed an ACM set of criteria and indicators (C&I), which is presented here. http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BPokorny0301.pdf979--3361-03-4Book36p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1316HNManaging natural resources for sustainable livelihoods: uniting science and participationPound, B.Snapp, S.McDougall, C.Braun, A.Earthscan PublicationsLondon, UK2003natural resourcessustainabilityresource managementparticipationcase studiesparticipationenvironmental policyresearchDrawing on extensive and varied case studies, this book presents innovative approaches for establishing and sustaining participation and collective decision-making in natural resource management research. It covers a wide range of natural resources – including forests and soils, water and management units such as watersheds and common property areas – and provides practical lessons from analysis and meta-analysis of cases from Asia, Africa and Latin America. It offers insights on how to make research participatory while maintaining rigour and high-quality science at various scales.1-84407-026-3Bookxix, 352p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1299HNEmpowering technologies?: introducing participatory geographic information and multimedia systems in two Indonesian communitiesCorbett, JUniversity of Victoria, Department of GeographyVictoria, Canada2003mappingland use planningcommunity involvementparticipationempowermentgeographical information systemsthesesThesis (Ph.D.) - Department of Geography, University of VictoriaInclusion of local knowledge in decision-making is recognized as important for land use planning. However, this is prevented by communication constraints. Increasingly local communities throughout the world are using community mapping and simple Geographic Information Technologies (GIT) to communicate information about traditional lands to decision-makers. This corresponds to the trend, primarily in North America, for practitioners to apply Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies in public participation settings. Claims have been made that use of Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS) by disadvantaged groups can be empowering. However, others claim that PPGIS is disempowering due to the cost and complexity of the technologies, inaccessibility of data, restrictive representation of local geographic information, and the low level of community participation. The research described in this thesis sets out to contribute to the debate regarding PPGIS and empowerment. Participatory Geographic Information and Multimedia Systems (PGIMS) technologies were developed for this project in an attempt to overcome the weaknesses of PPGIS described above. A PGIMS project was introduced into two communities in West Kutai, Indonesia. The PGIMS technologies enabled local communities to gather information using a digital camera and video camera, and store, manage and access it. A participatory process ensured that communities made all decisions related to the project and were trained in the necessary technical skills. Functional PGIMS were created in both participating villages. These PGIMS were relevant to the communities’ needs to record information for future generations and communicate information about boundaries and land use to outsiders. The research question addressed in this thesis was: How does the PGIMS project empower or disempower local communities? The author developed a working definition of empowerment to enable evaluation: empowerment is an increase in social influence or political power. Furthermore the author determined that empowerment is achieved through a combination of internal changes in an individual or community as well as external factors. These are defined as changes in ‘empowerment capacity’. This thesis presents a framework to structure an analysis of empowerment. It enabled the author to examine how four catalysts related to the PGIMS project empowered and disempowered, as well as increased and decreased empowerment capacity of the individual and community. Catalysts included the information contained within the PGIMS, the participatory process used, the technological skills acquired and the tools applied to develop the PGIMS. Qualitative data were gathered in the field using participant observation, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. Data were categorised into indicators of increased or decreased empowerment and empowerment capacity. These indicators were sorted into the relevant cells of the framework. The empowerment framework offered a logical structure to categorize the data and enable an analysis of how different components of the PGIMS project impacted individuals and communities. It was also useful for differentiating between empowerment and empowerment capacity impacts. There were weaknesses with the methods and framework. These included the inability to determine the extent to which the PGIMS project contributed to the observed indicators relative to other influences; the difficulty of interpreting the data to create indicators, and the difficulty of measuring some indicators or defining their relative importance in the framework. This research concluded that the PGIMS project empowered participating individuals and communities, and also increased their empowerment capacity, but it is difficult to determine how lasting or significant this is. It also disempowered individuals and communities. Individuals were more empowered by skills and processes, while communities more empowered by information and tools. The benefits of individual empowerment can conflict with community empowerment. Empowerment in the PGIMS project was highly influenced by pre-existing conditions in individuals and communities.Bookxv, 251p.; ill.enCIFOR Head Quarter1295IDCompatibilidade de conjuntos de criterios e indicadores para avaliar a sustentabilidade do manejo florestal na Amazonia BrasileiraPokorny, B.Adams, MCIFORBogor, Indonesia2003criteriaindicatorssustainabilityforest managementcollaborationCIFORCriteria and indicators (C&I) are tools to define, communicate and evaluate the sustainability of forest management. Since the Rio summit in 1992, numerous initiatives developed a various C&I sets as multifunctional tools to be applied for monitoring, auditing, science and decisions makers. The existing diversity of C&I sets is a cause for uncertainty and confusion, and thereby diminishes the acceptance and efficiency of the tool. With the initial aim to better understand this diversity, this study compared the content and the quality of five C&I sets relevant for the Brazilian Amazon (CIFOR, MCA, FSC, ITTO e Tarapoto). In addtion some principle actors of forest management in the region were interviewed. The study revealed differnt thematic foci of the analysed C&I sets. There was also detected signficant deficiencies in relation to validity, specificity and practicability of the indicatores. Most of the C&I sets only present a list for collecting information, but not the norms to interpret the collected data. In order to increase objectivity and transparency of C&I based assessment it is necessary to develop less complex and more practicable C&I sets. C&I must reflect more clearly and unambiguously what is actually assessed by defining verifiers and practicable methods for their assessment. It is important to provide more adequate tools and intensive training to people dealing with the development of C&I.979-3361-04-2Bookx, 131p.; ill.ptCIFOR Head Quarter1298IDA modeling approach to collaborative forest managementPurnomo, HBogor Agricultural UniversityBogor, Indonesia2003forest managementmodelssimulation modelsparticipationconcessionscommunity forestrythesesThesis (Ph.D.) - Bogor Agricultural UniversitySustainable development strategy urges that forest management be carried out in a participatory way. The importance of communities’ participation has been written into Indonesian Law no. 41 on Forestry (1999). However, how this law can be implemented in areas already allocated to a concession holder is still unclear. The state-owned company, Inhutani II Sub Unit Malinau, has managed the lowland forest in Malinau District, East Kalimantan for over 10 years. Forest-dependent communities located in the managed area were Long Seturan, Long Loreh and Langap villages. The company managed the area based on plans approved by the governments. They established permanent sample plots for measuring the stand growth and yield data in their area, and were asked to improve the well-being of local communities. However, the schemes did not give the company sufficient space to manage the area creatively, or provide a systematic way to involve the communities in the management of the forest. This research was aimed at seeking scenarios of sustainable forest management (SFM) that addressed the above limitations. Two research hypotheses were proposed: 1. Local forest stakeholders can define their own SFM Criteria and Indicators (C&I) for specific sites where they live, or that concerns them; 2. Collaborative management of forests by all relevant stakeholders will achieve better forest management outcomes. An artificial society of primary forest actors was built using a multi-agent system approach, used for developing scenarios to increase the sustainability of forest management. Indicators of forest cover and standing stock, communities’ incomes, company revenue and taxes paid to local and central governments measured the sustainability. The research results showed that local communities that lived in the area of Inhutani II were able to define C&I of SFM. The local C&I are not different from the generic or scientific C&I of SFM. However, those C&I are formulated with different structures and argumentations. The developed knowledge-based system found a way to harmonize this knowledge. Collaboration between concessionaires and the communities appeared to be the most suitable alternative for SFM, in particular for improving communities’ incomes without decreasing the quality of the forest. An appropriate decentralization policy is a condition for implementing collaborative forest management.Bookx, 218p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1284IDPolitik ekonomi desentralisasi pengusahaan hutan: studi kasus IPPK di Kabupaten Berau, Kalimantan TimurSitorus, SBogor Agricultural UniversityBogor, Indonesia2003concessionsthesesillicit loggingthesesdecentralizationforest managementpolitical systemseconomic analysiscase studiesThesis (MSc.) - Bogor Agricultural UniversityDuring the New Order era of centralized governance, forest management and exploitation were mostly in the hands of large scale companies, which created huge conglomerates closely related to the ruling power and its cronies. Forestry linked policies ignored the interests of local communities and local businesses, which caused many conflicts, forest degradations and damages as well as increased poverty. In international circles, decentralization and regional autonomy were seen as the best way to achieve a better use of the forest, to the benefit of both local communities and forest conservation. Under the new regional autonomy, the district of Berau released a policy allowing the local communities and local businesses to benefit from the remaining forest resources, the so-called IPPK (Timber Extraction and Utilization Permits). These permits were mostly in the form of small-scale logging concessions of 100 hectare. Intensive field work was carried out to assess the implementation of the IPPK system in the district of Berau. The study showed that so far IPPKs have had an overall negative impact, creating more conflicts and higher rates of forest damage. The IPPK system helped to boost illegal logging and over cutting even in protected forests. Meanwhile, local communities proved unable to secure access over forest resources. In terms of benefit allocation, the local communities got the smallest part of the cake. The biggest parts were trusted by third parties such as free riders and rent seekers, including government officials and village elites. The IPPK policy proved detrimental to government revenue, even though it was meant to boost district income (Pendapatan Asli Daerah-PAD) and communities’ well being. Direct cash distribution to the communities created jealousy among villagers and weakened the social links among the community. Overall, it stimulated an already strong consumptive behavior and jeopardized the last remaining forest resources.Book125p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1620IDLes criteres et indicateurs de gestion durable des forets: quelles procedures d’evaluation environnementale pour leur mise en oeuvre dans le contexte du Burkina Faso?Zida, MEcole Superieure d'Agriculture d'Angers (ESA)Angers, France2004forest managementsustainabilitycriteriaindicatorsenvironmental assessmentthesesThesis (M.Sc.) - Ecole Superieure d'Agriculture d'Angers (ESA)Book40p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1631BFPersepsi masyarakat lokal terhadap pentingnya hutan dan lahan-lahan lain di lansekap hutan tropis, Kabupaten Malinau, Kalimantan TimurLiswanti, NBogor Agricultural UniversityBogor, Indonesia2004community forestryperceptionland usescoringtropical forestslandscapethesesparticipatory rural appraisalThesis (M.Sc.) - Bogor Agricultural UniversityThis study emphasis on local people perception of the importance of forest and lands, including related attributes, which underlie variations in the type and degree of locally perceived importance. A participatory approach using scoring exercises was completed with seven forest dwelling communities in the tropical landscape of Malinau, East Kalimantan. We also assessed the consistency of this method. The findings suggest that un-logged forest was the most important land category for local people. It provides their livelihoods and well-being both directly and indirectly. 'Forest' has heritage values and contained abundance of valuable and significant plants and animals. In the future, 'forest' is predicted to remain important for local people mainly for timber. Forests are exceptional in comparison with other land types. In addition, the value of forest cases apparently decreases less with distances. However, logged forest is rated as much less important, allowing us to suggest improvements in forest management that better protect local values. Using limited set of scoring exercises, it demonstrates that their consistency can be examined quantitatively as well as qualitatively. This allows it to access new explanations, which give new insights. Logical consistent results are more likely if question are narrowly defined, and if respondents have some education, but even uneducated respondents can provide apparently meaningful and consistent number if care is taken. Book108p.idCIFOR Head Quarter1632BFForest regeneration under reduced-impact and conventional logging in lowland mixed dipterocarps forest of East Kalimantan, IndonesiaPriyadi, HUniversity Putra Malaysia. Tropical Forest Resource Management ProgramSerdang, Malaysia2003theseslogging effectsdamageregenerationDipterocarpaceaeThesis - MSc (Universiti Putra Malaysia)Reduced-impact logging (RIL) trial was carried out in the compartment of operational scale (over 100 ha) in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Twenty four permanents sample plots (PSPs), of one ha each have been randomly set up for a long term monitoring. All trees (dbh 20 cm) were measured and identified. The objective of this study was to observe how far RIL can reduce logging damage as compared to conventional logging which was done in state-owned company, PT Inhutani, East Kalimantan. Residual stand damage were calculated to be compared with initial density. In conventional logging, the damage which was created in diameter class of 20-50 cm dbh versus felling intensity were recorded as amounting 27% (in low logging intensity), 22% (medium), and 27% (high) from initial density. Meanwhile in diameter class above 50 cm dbh were 3.9% (low) and 6% (both medium and high). In contrast, in reduced-impact logging, residual stand damage in diameter class of 20-50 cm dbh were 10% (low), 20% (medium) and 29% (high). Meanwhile, in diameter class above 50 cm dbh were only 1% (low), 3% (medium) and 6% (high). The study showed the overall density of sapplings of approximately 4,600 stems/ha, which is mainly composed of two families, Euphorbiaceae and dipterocarpaceae. Euphorbiaceae dominated this storey. A total of 705 trees species were recorded from the permanent sample plots, of which 70 trees (9.29%) were dipterocarp species, Dipterocarpus lowlii, D. stellatus, Shorea beccariana, S. brunenscens, S. exelliptica, S. macroptera, S. maxwelliana, S. multiflora, S. parvifolia, S. rubra and S. venulosa. In this study, residual stand damage due to reduced impact and conventional logging with different logging intensity were also be demonstrated.Bookxi, 80p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1283BFChina's forests: global lessons from market reformsHyde, William F.Belcher, B.Jintao XuResources for the Future and CIFORWashington, DC2003forest policyforest managementforestrydeforestationlocal peopleforest policyproperty rightsrural developmentafforestationbamboosnon-timber forest productseconomic growthmarketseconomic analysisThis book examines the experience of China's forestry sector with respect to the full set of forest and nonforest policy reforrms introduced since 1978. The lessons of this book are important for China, and for the rest of the world as well. For China the analyses in each chapter provides rigorous evidence on those policies that have worked and on how well the have worked. The book consists of 10 chapters: 1. Hyde, W.F., Jintao Xu, Belcher, B. Introduction and Appendix table: policy reform in China's forestry; 2. Liu Dachang, Edmund, D. Devolution as a means of expanding local forest management in South China: lessons from the past 20 years; 3. Jinlong Liu, Landell-Mills, N. Taxes and fees in the Southern collective forest region; 4. Runsheng Yin. Central characteristics of reform: measures of the effects of improved property rights, a stable policy environment, and environmental protection; 5. Daowei Zhang. Policy reform and investment in forestry; 6. Rozelle, S., Jikun Huang, Benziger, V. Forest exploitation and protection in reform China: assessing the impacts of policy and economic growth; 7. Yaoqi Zhang, Uusivuori, J., Kuuluvainen, J., Kant, S. Deforestation and reforestation in Hainan: roles of markets and institution; 8. Ruiz-Perez, M., Belcher, B., Maoyi Fu, Xiaosheng Yang. Forestry, poverty, and rural development: perspectives from the bamboo sector; 9. Sayer, J.A., Changjin Sun. Impacts of policy reforms on forest environments and biodiversity; 10. Hyde, W.F., Jintao Xu, Belcher, B., Runsheng Yin, Jinlong Liu. Conclusions and policy implications.1-891853-66-XBookxvi, 224p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1282CNLocal forest management: the impacts of devolution policiesEdmunds, D.Wollenberg, E.edsEarthscan PublicationsLondon2003forest policycommunity forestrylow income groupssocial welfarecase studiesgovernment policyLocal government is built around careful and illuminating case studies of the effects of devolution policies on the management of forests in several Asian countries. The studies demonstrate that devolution policies - contrary to the claims of governments - have actually increased governmental control over the management of local resources, and a lower cost to the state. The controversial findings show that if local forest users are to exercise genuine control over forest management, they must be better represented in the processes of forming, implementing and evaluating devolution policies. In addition, the guiding principle for policy discussions should be to create sustainable livelihoods for local resource users, especially the poorest among them, rather than reducing the cost of government forest administration.1-84407-023-9Bookxvi, 208p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1270CNParticipatory modelling of community forest landscapeVanclay, J.K.Prabhu, R.Sinclair, F.edsUnivesity of Queensland. School of Natural and Rural Systems Management.Gatton, Australia2003modelssimulation modelsparticipationcollaborationcommunitiescommunity involvementforestslandscaperesource managementFLORES, the Forest Land Oriented Resurce Envisioning System, is a framework to facilitate quantitative modelling of ecological, economic and social issues at the landscape scale. This special issue of journal describes the evolution of FLORES from a concept to a series of models calibrated for diverse locations, and documents lessons learned. This simulation modelling approach addresses interdisciplinary issues, where people are strongly interacting with forest resources. The idea to construct and use landscape-scale models of the frontier, based on simulating households decisions and land use at a spatial scale close to the field level.Book326p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1268CNRehabilitation of degraded forests to improve livelihoods of poor farmers in South ChinaLiu DachangedCIFORBogor, Indonesia2003degraded forestsdegraded landrehabilitationforest plantationsbamboosbroadleaved evergreen forestssocioeconomicsparticipatory rural appraisalcase studiesDegradation of forests and forest lands is a problem in many parts of the world and is particularly serious in south China. Chinese forest policy reforms in recent years have enabled rural households to generate income from forests, to own the trees they have planted, and have offered new opportunities to manage forests sustainably. Rehabilitation of degraded forests and forest lands is one of the possible pathways to improve livelihoods of poor farmers and others in the rural communities. This report documents the results of four case studies in south China in which farmers, local officials and ressearchers anlysed the problems of degraded forests and forest lands, and formulated options for their solution. Opportunities to improve forest management and people's livelihoods are dependent on overcoming a range of biophysical, socioeconomic and political constraints. Action research was used to implement and test some of the options identified. The experience and analysis should be of value for researchers, resource managers and government officials in China and elsewhere to address poverty and environmental concerns through a multidisciplinary, participatory and holistic approach.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Rehabilitation_SouthChina.pdf979-8764-98-6Book97p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1258CNFuture scenarios as an instrument for forest management: manual for training facilitators of future scenariosNemarundwe, N.de Jong, W.Cronkleton, PCIFORBogor, Indonesia2003handbooksplanningtrainingmethodologyThe purpose of this manual is to help trainers in future scenario better facilitate training workshops for field officers such as forestry managers, extension officers and researchers who are keen to facilitate future scenarios in their forest management projects. Future scenarios are a diverse and flexible set of methods that can be used to help forest user groups and decision makers define clear unified objectives, identify opportunities or obstacles in the path to their management goals, or prepare strategies and action plans for alternate future situations. This manual aims to encourage trainers or facilitators of future scenarios to be more reflective about how to structure their training workshop.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BNemarunde0501.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Future_Scenarios.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Escenarios_Futuros.pdf979-3361-12-3Book31p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1256CNEscenarios futuros: como instrumento para el manejo forestalNemarundwe, N.de Jong, W.Cronkleton, PCIFORBogor, Indonesia2003handbooksforest managementplanningtrainingmethodologyAlso available in English and Vietnamese.The purpose of this manual is to help trainers in future scenario better facilitate training workshops for field officers such as forestry managers, extension officers and researchers who are keen to facilitate future scenarios in their forest management projects. Future scenarios are a diverse and flexible set of methods that can be used to help forest user groups and decision makers define clear unified objectives, identify opportunities or obstaclesin the path to their management goals, or prepare strategies and action plans for alternate future situations. This manual aims to encourage trainers of facilitators of future scenarios to be more reflective about how to structure their training workshop.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Escenarios_Futuros.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Future_Scenarios.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BNemarunde0501.pdf979-3361-13-1Bookiv, 31p.; ill.esCIFOR Head Quarter1370CNPhu'o'ng phap mo hinh tu'o'ng lai: mot cong cu quan ly ru'ng: giao trinh huan luyen chuyen vien dieu hanh phu'o'ng phap mo hinh tu'o'ng laiNemarundwe, N.de Jong, W.Cronkleton, PCIFORBogor, Indonesia2004handbooksplanningtrainingmethodologyforest managementThe purpose of this manual is to help trainers in future scenario better facilitate training workshops for field officers such as forestry managers, extension officers and researchers who are keen to facilitate future scenarios in their forest management projects. Future scenarios are a diverse and flexible set of methods that can be used to help forest user groups and decision makers define clear unified objectives, identify opportunities or obstacles in the path to their management goals, or prepare strategies and action plans for alternate future situations. This manual aims to encourage trainers or facilitators of future scenarios to be more reflective about how to structure their training workshop.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BNemarunde0501.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Future_Scenarios.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Escenarios_Futuros.pdf979-3361-51-4Book34p.esCIFOR Head Quarter1655CNRefleksi empat tahun reformasi: mengembangkan sosial forestri di era desentralisasi: intisari lokakarya nasional sosial forestri, Cimacan, 10-12 September 2002CIFORCIFORBogor, Indonesia2003conferencessocial forestrydecentralizationforest policyThis proceedings contains a summary of national seminars on social forestry in Indonesia. It covers history of social forestry in Indonesia, principles of social forestry, and the different types of social forestry initiatives in Indonesia. There are similar problems faced in forestry sector such as forest boundaries, land tenure. Other problems in social forestry are: a) national forest policy (2) Decentralisation and space for social forestry; (3) Multistakeholder arrangements in social forestry; and (4) strengthening institutions and collective learning processes. Around 100 field experiences illustrating different levels of people's participation in forest management were discussed during small group sessions. Based on these experiences several lessons were drawn: 1. Social forestry has multiple objectives, among others to: (a) improve the well-being of communities; (b) realize democratisation in forest management; (c) sustain forest resources; (d) get "rights" over land; (e) minimise conflict; and (f) maintain authority over forest land. 2. Social forestry has multiple problems. These include: (a) low participation of communities in planning and management; (b) low transparency and consultation in decisionmaking processes; (c) limited human resources; (d) limited information exchange among stakeholders; (e) difficulties in operationalising government policies; (f) sub-optimal land utilisation; and (g) conflict. 3. Constraints in social forestry are: (a) low level of "trust" among stakeholders; (b) different perceptions on learning, motivation for learning and its utilisation; and (c) lack of adaptiveness. It was realized that in terms of substance all of the initiatives are similar. The Secretary General of the Ministry of Forestry is willing to discuss followup issues and is open for further discussion. There was agreement to follow up on inducing regulations that are supportive for social forestry, strengthening communication among stakeholders, a national festival on social forestry, dissemination of the results of this workshop to wider audiences, etc.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/SF-Proceeding.pdf979-3361-08-5Book64p. + 1 CD-ROMidCIFOR Head Quarter1253IDAssessment of the value of woodland landscape function to local communities in Gorongosa and Muanza districts, Sofala province, MozambiqueLynam, T.Cunliffe, R.Mapaure, I.Bwerinofa, ICIFORBogor, Indonesia2003woodlandslandscapevaluationcommunitiesThis book is a report of a short-term research project. The project aimed to test an approach for estimating local values for landscape units and relate these to formal biodiversity conservation values in Gorongosa National Park (GNP), Sofala Province, Mozambique. First section describes the research site selection and gives short descriptions of the chosen sites: Muaredzi and Nhanchururu. Second section is about the community landscape valuations, includes also the methods and results concerning conceptual models, spatial data sets, and participatory community assessments. Vegetations inventory and generation of biodiversity conservation values are explained in third section. Section four explains the community and biodiversity conservation valuations. The last chapter synthesizes the various results together and describes the findings in terms of the land use planning process in terms of community and biodiversity evaluations.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/zip-file/mozambique.exehttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/mozambique/mozambique-TOC.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/mozambique/mozambique-chapter-1.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/mozambique/mozambique-chapter-2.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/mozambique/mozambique-chapter-3.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/mozambique/mozambique-chapter-4.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/mozambique/mozambique-chapter-5-8.pdf979-3361-11-5Book111p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1254MZMunicipios e gestao florestal na AmazoniaToni, F.Kaimowitz, DA.S. EditoresNatal2003decentralizationforest policynatural resourcesresource managementlocal governmentcase studiescomparisonsThe book analyzes the evolution of decentralization of natural resource management in the Brazilian Amazon using a comparative approach. It is a collection of eight case studies: the municipalities of Mâncio Lima and Xapuri, in the State of Acre, and Altamira, Moju, Paragominas, Porto de Moz, Santarém, and Uruará, in the State of Pará. The research was a joint effort of CIFOR, three Brazilian NGOs (LAET, IPAM, and PESACRE) and a Federal University (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN). Besides the case studies, the authors discuss how the existing institutions affect decentralization and shape the role of the municipal governments in forest management. In spite of the small number of cases studied, the research also analyzed the role of population size, area, revenues, political economy and other factors that may affect local governance of natural resources. The authors concluded that the local political economy, the expansion of the agricultural and forest frontiers, the presence of strong social movements, and the preferences of the mayors are some of the most significant factors that affect local forest management.85-88302-31-4Book428p.ptCIFOR Head Quarter1247BRLearning together: responding to change and complexity to improve community forests in the PhilippinesHartanto, H.Lorenzo, M.C.B.Valmores, C.Arda-Minas, L.Burton, L.Prabhu, RCIFORBogor, Indonesia2003community forestrycollaborationforest managementintegrationdevelopment programmesadaptationCommunity forestry in the Philippines has gone through a long process of change over the last thirty years. It reached a high level of achievement with the creation of a comprehensive and integrated programme called Community-Based Forest Management (CGFM) in 1995. In this programme, local people are recognised as partners in the management and protection of the country's forests and forest resorces. However, the government, and other local stakeholders still face problems in implementing the programme effectivelly. This book introduces a learning-based approach called Adaptive Collaborative Management (ACM) as a potential way to deal with the challenges of CBFM. It draws on the experience and lessons learnt from CIFOR collaborative research in two CBFM sites in the Philippines. It also describes how local people and stakeholders in the two sites applied the ACM approach and process to address their local problems, the outcomes of their efforts, and the challenges that remain.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/zip-file/Learning_together.exehttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/learning_together/Learning_together-TOC-Chapter4.pdf979-3361-10-7Bookx, 166p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1246PHIntegrated natural resource management: linking productivity, the environment and developmentCampbell, B.M.Sayer, J.A.edsCABI Publishing in association with CIFORWallingford, Oxon, UK2003natural resourcesresource managementintegrationresearchconferencesTo meet the challenges of poverty and environmental sustainability, a more integrated approach to research is required. Such an approach must embrace the complexity of systems and redirect research towards the greater inclusion of issues such as participatory approaches, multi-scale analysis and an array of tools for system analysis, information management and impact assessment. The authors suggest that science will need to be substantially re-organized to meet the challenges. This book discusses both the principles and applications of such an approach to integrated natural resource management. It has been developed from a workshop held in Penang, Malaysia, but all papers have been revised and updated to late 2002. Case studies, particularly from developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, are presented by international experts from around the world.0-85199-731-7Bookxii, 315p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1245PHForest-related research capacity in Eastern Africa: Burundi, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania and UgandaSpilsbury, M.J.Kowero, G.S.Mukolwe, M.O.Netzehti, A.Legesse, W.W.Nsengiyumva, O.Kiwuso, P.Sabas, EFAORome, Italy2003researchresearch institutescapacity buildingforestryEfficient applied research systems are those that achieve a good match between the priority research problems and the capacity required to solve them. Effective research systems make a difference to real life problems through the timely delivery of readily utilisable research-based solutions to user audiences. In many developing countries both efficiency and effectiveness are constrained. Commonly, there is a mismatch between the priority problems and the problems to which the available research capacity and resources are allocated. Similarly, research findings often fail to reach the audiences that could put them to their most effective use. To rectify this situation, not only is it important to identify sound research priorities but also to deploy the available capacity to address these priorities in an effective manner. Effective future deployment requires knowledge current installed capacity at organisational, national and regional levels. Such knowledge also has utility for the design and implementation of effective collaborative research initiatives and capacity building investments. In 2001/02 a survey of forty-seven organisations conducting forest-related research in the Eastern African countries of Burundi, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda, was conducted. General trends relating to research capacity in the region are highlighted and include: insufficient collaborative research; poor linkages between research and intended users; inadequate flow of information and access to scientific literature; low levels of remuneration for researchers and a lack of continuity in research programme support. Research is seldom geared to inform public policy, and whilst the 'informal' forestry sector is of great importance to local livelihoods in many African countries, related topics do not feature strongly in the national/regional research agendas. An issue of profound concern for future research capacity in Eastern Africa is the continued erosion of human technical capacity from HIV /AIDS. While there is still a considerable need to invest in the development of human resources and physical infrastructure at the organisational level, governments and development assistance agencies should attempt a multi-pronged strategic approach to improve the overall performance of research systems. At a national level, research organisations need to be held to higher levels of accountability for the delivery of utilisable research products that generate public benefits. A key means of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of research systems at both national and regional levels will be investments that improve access to information, improved communications, and greater collaborative efforts. Support to national and regional research networks and their communications infrastructure will be key components in such investments.Book78p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1567BISocial science research and conservation management in the interior Borneo: unravelling past and present interactions of people and forestsEghenter, C.Sellato, B.Devung, G.S.edsCIFORBogor, Indonesia2003forest managementnature conservationsocial sciencesanthropologyindigenous knowledgeproperty rightsresearchKayan Mentarang Conservation ProjectThe Culture and Conservation Research Program in Kayan Mentarang National Park, East Kalimantan, constitutes a unique interdisciplinary engagement in central Borneo that lasted for six years (1991-97). Based on original ethnographic, ecological, and historical data, this volume comprehensively describes the people and the environment of this region and makes a rare contribution to the understanding of past and present interactions between people and forests in central Borneo. Kayan Mentarang has thus become one of the ethnographically best known protected areas in Southeast Asia. By pointing at the interface between research and forest management, this book offers tools for easing the antagonism between applied and scholarly research, and building much needed connections across fields of knowledge.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/SocialScience.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/social_science/SocialScience-intro.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/social_science/SocialScience-chapter-2-5.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/social_science/SocialScience-chapter-6-9.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/social_science/SocialScience-chapter10-11.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/social_science/SocialScience-chapter12-end.pdf979-3361-02-6Book297p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1238BIConflict in forest management: a study for collaborative forest management in IndonesiaYasmi, YWageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands2002conflictforest managementthesesThesis (MSc.) - Wageningen UniversityThe main objective of the study was to obtain a better understanding of forestry conflicts, particularly in the context of the Bulungan Research Forest (BRF) in East Kalimantan. The results show that conflict took place between local people within a particular locality (settlement); between different localities; and between local people and various companies (e.g. logging, coal-mining) operating near their localities. In term of conflict resolution, the people from the communities have proposed three kinds of mechanisms for different types of conflicts. Those mechanisms are adat (customary laws), government involvement and negotiation. The key task one faces in undertaking conflict resolution is to manage its occurrence. The overall goal should not be to eliminate conflict; instead, it should be to adopt procedures or mechanisms for maximizing its potential benefits while minimizing its potential drawbacks. This study concludes that choosing the “best” conflict resolution mechanism is, in itself, a strategic choice. There is no single panacea for resolving any kind of conflict situation.Book140p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1231BIProceedings of a National Workshop on Building Partnership, Strengthening Capacities and Developing Forest Resources Thru Community Based Forest Management, Angeles City, Philippines, August 6-7, 2002Hartanto, H.Evangelista, R.CIFOR and Philippines Department of Environmental and Natural Resources (DENR)Bogor, Indonesia2002community involvementcommunity forestrycollaborationforest managementadaptationpartnershipsconferencesLimited editionCIFOR initiated its research program on Adaptive Collaborative Management (ACM) in the Philippines in 1999. The results of ACM work in two Community Based Forest Management (CBFM) sites over a period of 3 years have been very positive and promising. At this workshop, CIFOR attempted to share the experience and lessons learnt with different audiences at different levels. Besides reviewing the results of ACM, this workshop also attempted to identify different strategies and approaches applied by different initiatives and projects in CBFM and to provide recommendations to improve the existing CBFM framework and policies. The wealth of experience and expertise of the workshop participants were also tapped to review and improve three CBFM-related regulations. The workshop showed that there are still many challenges and problems in CBFM that need to be addressed in the future so that CBFM can really benefit local communities and improve forest conditions in the country. Despite differences in the strategies and approaches used by the different projects, there were several common elements given attention to by these different projects. These include collaboration among stakeholders, monitoring, learning and incremental adjustments, and complexity. All these elements were embraced by Adaptive Collaborative Management (ACM) approach.Book159p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1232PHThe political ecology of tropical forests in Southeast Asia: historical perspectivesTuk-Po, L.de Jong, W.Ken-ichi, A.Kyoto University PressKyoto2003tropical forestsforest ecologyforest economicseconomicspoliticshistoryA simplistic explanation of why tropical forests degrade or disappear all together is, because loggers take out too many trees, companies convert forest for plantations, and small farmers slash forest to make agricultural fields. Political ecology is a scientific inter-discipline that tries to identify the political dimension of forest resource appropriation, contestation over forest benefits, and the role of power and discourse in the processes of unsustainable use and resulting forest degradation. This chapter summarizes ten chapters in the volume in which it is published. Several of chapters demonstrate that modern struggles over forests have their roots in colonial periods. Colonial powers used force, but also the argument that deforestation negatively affected the local climate, to expulse forest farmers from timber rich forest lands. Often control of the trade of lucrative forest products like rattan was decided by force. In these struggles, colonial powers used force against local Sultans, local Sultans used force against forest dwellers, and powerful forest dweller groups used force against weaker groups, concludes de Jong in his chapter. In the modern day tropical forest landscape in Asia the actors have change, but many of the processes of contestation remain the same. National rulers, like Suharto in Indonesia, gave away forest concessions to business cronies and the military for the sake of national economic development, but equally often to win political support. Under the recent decentralisation wave, control over forests is now increasingly contested at lower government levels, or even at the village level among forest dwellers with different ethnic affiliations, as Steve Rhee, demonstrates in his chapter. The political ecology of Asia’s tropical forest also has a wider international dimension, and it is not only confined to underdeveloped countries. Fred Gale discusses in his chapter the history of the International Timber Organization. ITTO was set up to advance the cause of tropical timber producing countries, in the face of increasing international concern of the affect of unsustainable logging. In order to adequately represent its interests, ITTO developed and disseminated the sustainable logging discourse. John Knight in his chapter demonstrates that modern problems of a forest dependent population that suffers from the impact of contemporary economic development thinking also happen in Japan. Traditional Japanese timber producers grow high value trees that are used in ritually enshrined housing construction. The mass import of foreign, tropical timber not only negatively affects their livelihood. Japanese timber growers loose maintain their traditions and cultural identity that were closely linked to their forestry existence.4-87698-453-0Bookxvii, 293p.; ill.enCIFOR Head Quarter1214PH4-87698-453-0Ke mana harus melangkah?: masyarakat, hutan, dan perumusan kebijakan di IndonesiaResosudarmo, I.A.P.Colfer, C.J.P.Yayasan Obor IndonesiaJakarta, Indonesia2003forest policyforest managementgovernment policydecentralizationforestry lawcommunity forestryeconomic crisesAlso available in EnglishIndonesia contains some of the world's most biodiverse and threatened forests. The challenges result from both long-term management problems and the political, social, and economic turmoil of the past few years. This book explores recent events in Indonesia, while focusing on what can be done differently to counter the destruction due to asset-stripping, corruption, and the absence of government authority. It consists of 16 chapters writen by authors from a wide range of disciplines. It begins with a series of chapters 1-6 that focuses on the links between the government's policies on forests and forest people. The next set of chapters 7-12 turns to in-depth, sector-level analyses of what happened in Indonesia immediately following the president Soeharto's fall. Chapter 13 and 14 focus on Indonesia's experience of the fires in 1997-98. The final chapters 15 and 16 update the reader, focusing on the two most important trends at work in the Outer Islands of Indonesia at this time: decentralization and illegal logging.979-461-421-XBookxxxiv, 516p.idCIFOR Head Quarter1215IDCan law save the forest?: lessons from Finland and BrazilHirakuri, S.RCIFORBogor, Indonesia2003forestry lawtropical forestscase studiesthesesPh.D. (Thesis) - The Washington University School of LawForests are among the most diverse and widespread ecosystems on earth; they provide mankind with a wide range of economic, social and environmental benefits. However, the forests are increasingly being threatened by unsustainable logging practices. Rampant deforestation in the tropics and international pressures have led government of tropical forest countries to take actions to promote forest management of natural forests. However, in most countries forest management has been implemented improperly. Thus, low compliance with existing forest management laws rather than lack of law, is often a leading cause of unsustainable forestry practices in many tropical forest countries. This study examines the contrast of Brazil, a low compliance country, with Finland, the most successful country. Focus is given to the Finnish model of forestry law enforcement, concentrating on factors that can be adapted to Brazil and other tropical forest countries. Some specific recommendations have been drawn from this cross-case study. These lessons might be useful for Brazil and other tropical forest countries which are trying to improve their forestry law enforcement system.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Law.pdfBook120p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1210BRManejo integrado de florestas umidas neotropicais por industrias e comunidades: aplicando resultados de pesquisa, envolvendo atores e definindo politicas publicas: Simposio Internacional da IUFRO, Belem PA, Brazil, 4-7 Decembre, 2000Sabogal, C.Macedo Silva, J.N.edsCIFOR and Embrapa Amazonia OrientalBelem, Brazil2002conferencesforest managementforest products industriescommunity forestryplanningforest policyThe book includes a selection of 37 contributions (all in the original language - 16 in Portuguese, 13 in English and 8 in Spanish - but with abstracts in English) presented to the International Symposium “Integrated Management of Neotropical Rainforests by Industries and Communities: Applying Research Results, Involving Stakeholders and Defining Policy”, held in Belem, Brazil, from December 4 - 7 , 2000. The symposium intended to contribute - by providing information and recommendations – to the efforts underway at different levels (local, national, regional) to improve the perspectives for a wider adoption of sustainable forest management in the neotropics. The papers are divided in the three themes of the Symposium: Industrial-scale forest management (16 contributions), Community forest management and extrativism (15) and Means to promote the adoption of sustainable forest management (6). Overall, the papers provide a wide variety of conceptual, methodological and technical aspects related to the planning and implementation of forest management under different conditions, as well as practical experiences, research results and recommendations to improve the quality of forest management by different actors.Book476p.ptCIFOR Head Quarter1208BRWhere the power lies: multiple stakeholder politics over natural resources: a participatory methods guideSithole, BCIFORBogor, Indonesia2002resource managementparticipationpoliticsdata collectiondata analysisparticipatory rural appraisalmethodologyhandbooksforest managementlocal peopleThis manual is a participatory methods guide (1) to assist those involved with multiple stakeholder situations or groups to appreciate and acknowledge the relevance and impact of micro-politics on stakeholder relations and resultant cooperative behaviour in these groups; (2) to provide a simple and systematic approach or framework to gather and analyse data on micro-politics among multiple stakeholders; (3) to highlight and offer practical suggestions for dealing with some of the methodological issues that influence gathering data on politics and relations among stakeholders; (4) to suggest some methods drawn from participatory methodologies like Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Participatory Action Research (PAR) that can be used in data gathering. Data from two sites in Zimbabwe are presented at various stages and the annexes to illustrate how this framework can be applied and show the type of data that can be gathered.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/where.pdf979-8764-99-4Book40p. + (annex, 30p.)enCIFOR Head Quarter1115ZWEvaluations for sustainable forest management: towards an adaptive standard for the evaluation of the ecological sustainability of forest management in Costa RicaMcGinley, K.Finegan, BCATIETurrialba, Costa Rica2002criteriaindicatorsadaptationforest managementsustainabilityAlso available in SpanishThe research was carried out with the general objectives of contributing to the definition of sustainable forest management in the region of Central America, determining guidelines for the ecological sustainability of forest management that include elements for adaptive management and developing principle, criteria, indicators & verifiers (PCI&V) for its reliable and efficient evaluation in Costa Rica. The process began with an initial set of PCI&V comprised of elements from the national standard for forest management in Costa Rica and the CIFOR generic template of C & I for adaptive management. The first phase consisted of office evaluations on the relative importance and priority of the initial set of PCI&V by a group of expert in forest management and ecology. The second phase, which served as a filter through which each element was either recommended, modified or rejected for the final set of PCI&V, included testing and evaluation of the initial set of PCI&V by expert group. The third and final phase consisted of a workshop with a larger group of experts in forest management, ecology and policy in which the results were presented and approved. The distribution of institutional responsibility associated with the implementation of the recommended elements was also discussed and evaluated.9977-57-380-8Book72p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1201CREvaluacion de la sostenibilidad para el manejo forestal: determinacion de un estandard integrato y adaptativo para la evaluacion de la sostenibilidad ecologica del manejo forestal en Costa RicaMcGinley, K.Finegan, BCATIETurrialba, Costa Rica2002criteriaindicatorsadaptationforest managementsustainabilityAlso available in EnglishThe research was carried out with the general objectives of contributing to the definition of sustainable forest management in the region of Central America, determining guidelines for the ecological sustainability of forest management that include elements for adaptive management and developing principle, criteria, indicators & verifiers (PCI&V) for its reliable and efficient evaluation in Costa Rica. The process began with an initial set of PCI&V comprised of elements from the national standard for forest management in Costa Rica and the CIFOR generic template of C & I for adaptive management. The first phase consisted of office evaluations on the relative importance and priority of the initial set of PCI&V by a group of expert in forest management and ecology. The second phase, which served as a filter through which each element was either recommended, modified or rejected for the final set of PCI&V, included testing and evaluation of the initial set of PCI&V by expert group. The third and final phase consisted of a workshop with a larger group of experts in forest management, ecology and policy in which the results were presented and approved. The distribution of institutional responsibility associated with the implementation of the recommended elements was also discussed and evaluated.9977-57-380-8Book75p.esCIFOR Head Quarter1202CRITTO guidelines for the restoration, management and rehabilitation of degraded and secondary tropical forestsITTOITTO, CIFOR, FAO, IUCN, WWF InternationalYokohama, Japan2002guidelinesrehabilitationdegraded forestsdegraded landtropicssecondary forestsThis guidelines are intended to provide knowledge base on key policy, legal, institutional, ecological and silvicultural issues that need to be taken account in the planning and implementation of strategies and options for the restoration of degraded primary forests, the management of secondary forests, and the rehabilitation of degraded forest land, and they constitute an international reference standard. The guidelines are a checklist of prime objectives, principles and recommended actions. Most of the 49 principles and 160 recommended actions are relevant to all forest types in tropical countries. Annex 6 provides additional guidance on the management, restoration and rehabilitation of degraded and secondary forests in the dry tropics.4-902045-01-XBook84p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1175CRField test of CIFOR’s ecological criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management: Bulungan Research Forest East Kalimantan, Indonesia 1-12 September 1999Poulsen, J.edCIFORBogor, Indonesia2002criteriaindicatorsbiodiversityhandbooksguidelinescertificationassessmentCIFORLimited editionCIFOR's existing set of criteria and indicators (C&I) was evaluated during a workshop in the Bulungan research forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. It has been recognized that CIFOR's biodiversity C&I were too academic and were impractical for field application. This report presents: a) review and assessment of the suitability of CIFOR's generic biodiversity Critetia & Indicators (C&I), b) evalutation whether CIFOR's generic biodiversity C&I adequately assessed the quality of management performance, c) suggestions developed to adapt the biodiversity components of the CIFOR C&I generic template to local conditions, d) evaluation and to suggestion to improve to the wording in current biodiversity C&I manuals, and e) relevant recommendations pertaining to the implementation of the C&I, and the agenda for future research on these.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BRF-C&I.pdf979-8764-91-9Book114p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1165CRBosques secundarios y manejo integrado de recursos en la agricultura migratoria por colonos en LatinoaméricaSmith, J.Finegan, B.Sabogal, C.Ferreira, M.S.G.Siles, G.van de Kop, P.Diaz, ACIFOR and CATIETurrialba, Costa Rica2002regenerationsecondary forestssmall farmspolicysocioeconomicsecologyThis paper discusses the socioeconomic, policy and ecological opportunities and constraints to the regeneration and management of secondary forests (SF) on small scale colonist farms in three Latin American countries. So far there has been little recognition of SF as a forest resource. Survey data show that SF occupy around 20% of farm area and are the only forest resource accessible to the rural poor in older settlement areas. Most SF are secondary forest fallows. Although SF make an important contribution to agricultural productivity, their contribution to cash income is low relative to agriculture. Econometric analysis identifies threats to the existence of SF at different stages of the frontier development process. Multi-resource forest inventories interpreted in the context of frontier development identify potential management strategies for increasing their contribution to incomes. Results show that different strategies are required for different frontier development stages and that at each stage, management needs to be complemented by policies to reduce threats to the existence of SF. In early phases of frontier development, policies to prevent further conversion of residual forest to agriculture are required to maintain productivity of SF at later phases. Management for high timber productivity shows potential at early phases. At later phases, policies for reducing pressures for shorter fallows are indicated, while management focuses on multiple use management. Payments for carbon stock protection at both phases may induce farmers to maintain some areas of SF on a permanent basis.Book33p.esCIFOR Head Quarter1162CRResumes de recherche 2001CIFORCIFORBogor, Indonesia2002bibliographiesresearchforestryforest managementCIFORAlso available in EnglishThis book is a compilation of the abstracts of in-house and external publications produced in the year 2001 by CIFOR scientists and their collaborators. The abstracts are grouped into seven themes: general, biodiversity, forest governance and community forestry, forest management, non-timber forest products, plantations and rehabilitation of degraded forests, policy and extrasectoral issues that represent CIFOR's research activities. Indexes are provided by author and keyword.Book208p.frCIFOR Head Quarter1137CRThe dynamic of deforestation and economic growth in the Brazilian AmazonAndersen, L.E.Granger, C.W.J.Reis, E.J.Weinhold, D.Wunder, SCambridge University PressCambridge, UK2002deforestationeconomicsecologyeconomic policyeconomic analysiseconometric modelscost benefit analysisland use changegovernment policyland clearanceThis book presents an empirical analysis of the development processes and the economic of Brazilian Amazon deforestation using a large data set of ecological and economic variables. It presents summary statistics and analyse trends for a number of important variables as well as developing econometric models to analise policies and compare outcomes under different scenarios. The analyses based on municipality level data for the entire region at several points in time between 1970 and 1996. Throughout the book the models and analyses pay due respect to the dramatic spatial differences in vegetation, soil, rainfall, market access, population density, and many other important factors. By observing the dynamics of land-use change over such a long period this book provides quantitative estimates of the long-term economic costs and benefits of both land clearing and government policies such as road building.0-521-81197-XBookxxi, 259p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1136CRTapping the green market: certification and management of non-timber forest productsShanley, P.Pierce, A.R.Laird, S.A.Guillen, A.edsEarthscan PublicationsLondon, UK2002non-timber forest productsassessmentspeciescertificationharvestingmarketingguidelinescase studiesNon-timber forest products (NTFPs) are increasingly recognized as providing critical resources across the globe, fulfilling nutritional, medicinal, financial and cultural needs. However, NTFPs have largerly been overlooked in mainstream conservation and forestry politics. This book explains the use and importance of marked-based tools such as certification and eco-labelling for guaranteeing best management practices of NTFPs in the field. Using extensive case studies and global profiles of NTFPs, this book provides comprehensive understanding of certification processes and NTFPs management, harvesting and marketing. This practical volume includes valuable guidelines on NTFP management assessment and species-specific certification.1-85383-810-1Bookxiv, 456p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1125CRIdeology, social theory, and the environmentSunderlin, W.DRowman and Littlefield PublishersLanham, USA2003ideologyNeo-Malthusianismeconomic developmentenvironmental factorsenvironmentalismeconomic growthpopulationssociologypoliticstheoryDoes human population growth threaten the environment, or does it guarantee we will safeguard it? Is economic growth the key ecological problem, or is it in fact the solution? What will be the leading force to save the planet: civil society, government, or private enterprise? This book shows that these polemical debates are governed not so much by access to "facts" as they are by the political ideology of the expert advancing a particular argument. Moreover, the thoughts of these experts tend to be based largely in just one of three competing streams of political thought: the left, the center, or the right. Drawing on social theory, the author explains the philosophical origins of this tendency to rely on just one of three traditions, and why this poses a serious obstacle to conceptualizing the cause, nature, and resolution of environmental problems. Sunderlin argues that laying the foundation for a livable world involves giving conscious and dedicated attention to the core tenets of all three political traditions: action against class inequality and advocacy of social justice within and among countries; reformation of laws and policies emanating from the halls of power and technological innovation in centers of research; and wholesale cultural change and promotion of individual initiative, responsibility, and creativity.0-7425-1970-8Book261p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1123CRCriteria & indicators for community forest management: building-up criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management at community level: a case in GhanaLouvet, SENGREF and CIFORParis2002forest managementparticipationcommunitiesselection criteriaindicatorsCIFORthesesThis study was carried out in Ghana with two communities managing two forest reserves. Two sets of participatory criteria and indicators (C&I) for sustainable forest management have been defined: the communities themselves decided what their own C&I would be. This gives an example of what participatory sets could be. They are small and tractable to allow easy ownership, while covering all the major issues of sustainability. They contain a majority of indicators of results, which give more intrasigence to the assessment, necessary since communities will be in the position of both judge and jury when they will accomplish their assessment. Concerning the method, this case study tested and validated the approach of the CIFOR C&I while ideas for improvement emerged.Book110p. + annexesenCIFOR Head Quarter1122GHSocial, environmental and economic dimensions of forest policy reforms in BoliviaContreras-Hermosilla, A.Vargas Rios, M.TForest Trends and CIFORWashington, DC2002forest policygovernment policyforest resourceschangeplanninginternational organizationsThis paper looks at the experience of designing and implementing policy reforms in the Bolivian forestry sector. It does not attemp to evaluate the process of reform itself but rather to examine the main obstacles faced in its planning and implementation and how the lessons of the Bolivian experience could be transferred to other countries attempting similar changes. Given the drastic nature of reform, it is not surprising that problems along the way were numerous. However, despite difficulties, progress has been significant. This, largerly, was due to a successful alliance between committed Bolivian reformers and a very effective effort by international assistance agencies. Much remains to be done. However, the Bolivian experience shows that a dedicated government can do much to modify the management of the national forest resources.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BoliviaEnglish.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BoliviaEspanol.pdf0-9713606-5-0Book39p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1107BOLas dimensiones sociales, ambientales y economicas de las reformas a la politica forestal de BoliviaContreras-Hermosilla, A.Vargas Rios, M.TForest Trends and CIFORWashington, DC2002forest policygovernment policyforest resourceschangeplanninginternational organizationsThis paper looks at the experience of designing and implementing policy reforms in the Bolivian forestry sector. It does not attemp to evaluate the process of reform itself but rather to examine the main obstacles faced in its planning and implementation and how the lessons of the Bolivian experience could be transferred to other countries attempting similar changes. Given the drastic nature of reform, it is not surprising that problems along the way were numerous. However, despite difficulties, progress has been significant. This, largerly, was due to a successful alliance between committed Bolivian reformers and a very effective effort by international assistance agencies. Much remains to be done. However, the Bolivian experience shows that a dedicated government can do much to modify the management of the national forest resources.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BoliviaEspanol.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BoliviaEnglish.pdf0-9713606-5-0Book39p.esCIFOR Head Quarter1615BOManual praktek mengelola hutan dan lahan: suatu kombinasi pengetahuan tradisional masyarakat Dayak Kenyah dengan ilmu-ilmu kehutanan dan pertanianSuhardiman, A.Hidayat, A.Applegate, G.Colfer, C.J.PCIFORBogor, Indonesia2002indigenous knowledgeforest managementfarmingfire preventiontraditional societytraditional technologyhandbooksThis simple manual is intended for general guidelines on traditional methods in managing natural resources. It is based on the indigenous/traditional knowledge of people of Dayak Kenyah Uma' Jalan society, East Kutai, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Local traditional knowledge is one of the important components to utilise and conserve the natural resources. This manual shows how to prepare the land for planting food crops, community forest management procedures and fire prevention.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/buku%20manual.pdf979-8764-94-3Bookvi, 38p.idCIFOR Head Quarter1104BOHousehold livelihoods in semi-arid regions: options and constraintsCampbell, B.M.Jeffrey, S.Kozanayi, W.Luckert, M.Mutamba, M.Zindi, CCIFORBogor, Indonesia2002rural developmentSemiarid zoneslivelihoodsnatural resourcesrural communitiesmacroeconomicsraincommon landspovertyhousehold surveyscase studiesThe overall aim of this study was to explore what the development community can do, or facilitate, to significantly improve livelihoods in semi-arid systems.The authors based their analysis on two case-study sites in the communal lands of southern Zimbabwe. The main tool was a detailed livelihood questionnaire, supplemented by participatory appraisal and observation, action research, biophysical analysis and systems modelling. Most households rely on cash and subsistence income from a number of sources - dryland crop production, gardening, livestock production, woodland activities, wage or home industries and remittances/gifts. Marked wealth differentiation occurs, with local people recognising the different wealth groupings largely on the basis of various capital assets. One factor driving differentiation is whether a household has access to remittance income. Elements of change can be identified in numerous aspects of the capital assets and the livelihood strategies. The authors suggest that there are some key drivers of change, namely: (a) rainfall, (b) macro-economic changes, (c) changing institutional arrangements and social processes, and (d) demographic processes and HIV/AIDS. The overall conclusion is that there are very few options for significantly improving livelihoods in semi-arid regions and that the poverty alleviation targets set by the international community are overly ambitious.The analyses suggest that rainfall variation and the state of the macro-economy are likely to have a greater impact on livelihood status than local rural development interventions.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Household.pdf979-8764-78-1Bookxv, 153p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1099ZWApplying reduced impact logging to advance sustainable forest management: international conference proceedings 26 February to 1 March 2001, Kuching, MalaysiaEnters, T.Durst, P.B.Applegate, G.Kho, P.C.S.Man, G.edsFAO Regional Office for Asia and the PacificBangkok, Thailand2002loggingimprovement fellingslogging effectsapplicationforest managementassessmentconferencesIn tropical forests, RIL has been tested and appliedon a small scale for more than a decade. Various timber-producing countries in Asia and the Pacific have recognized its potential for advancing sustainable forest management. Yet many questions remain and the lack of sound and appropriate information continues to impede the widespread application of RIL. This book helps fill that critical information gap. It includes a wealth of information that was presented during the International conference on the application of reduced impact logging to advance sustainable forest management, 26 February to 1 March 2001, Kuching, Malaysia. The conference assessed past and ongoing efforts to implement RIL and considered options for future application. It reflects an important milestone in the efforts to improve forest management in the region. While acknowledging that considerable challenges lie ahead, it provides reason for cautious optimism concerning the wider application of RIL in the future.http://www.cifor.cgiar.orgLearninglessons to promote forest certification and controlillegal logging974-7946-23-8Book311p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1095ZWITTO project PD 12/97 Rev.1 (F) - Forest, science and sustainability: the Bulungan model forest: completion report phase I 1997-2001CIFORCIFOR and ITTOBogor, Indonesia2002forest managementresearch projectslogging effectsrural developmentcommunity forestryassessmentCIFORITTOThis document is a report on the implementation of an initial project of Bulungan Research Forest in East Kalimantan, Indonesia 1997-2001 with financial support from International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO). It contains an executive summary, the main text of the project objectives and outputs, brief report on technical and scientific aspects, lessons learned and recommendations for future projects. The general objective of the present research is to carry out systematic investigation of how to achieve long-term forest sustainability for a 'large forest landscape' by integrating social, ecological and silvicultural aspects. The first phase focussed on gathering baseline information on the physical and human environment. Specific two objectives are: (1) assessment of the effect of Reduced-Impact Logging (RIL) on biodiversity, conservation, ecology and socio-economics; (2) assesment of rural development trends and future policy options including the effects of macro-level development activities on people dependent on the forest.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/ITTO_report/ITTO_completion_I.pdfBook48p. + annexes in 1 CD-ROMenCIFOR Head Quarter1092ZWCIFOR research abstracts 2001CIFORCIFORBogor, Indonesia2002bibliographiesresearchforestryforest managementCIFORAlso available in FrenchThis book is a compilation of the abstracts of in-house and external publications produced in the year 2001 by CIFOR scientists and their collaborators. The abstracts are grouped into seven themes: general, biodiversity, forest governance and community forestry, forest management, non-timber forest products, plantations and rehabilitation of degraded forests, policy and extrasectoral issues that represent CIFOR's research activities. Indexes are provided by author and keyword.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Abstracts/Abstracts-E2001.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Abstracts/RA2001F.pdfBook154p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1089ZWITTO project PD 12/97 Rev.1 (F): forest, science and sustainability: the Bulungan model forest: technical report phase I, 1997-2001CIFORCIFOR and ITTOBogor, Indonesia2002logging effectsbiodiversitycommunity forestryforest resourcessocial forestrydecision makingparticipationresearch projectsCIFORIt is supplemented with a CD-ROM that contains publications and unpublished reportsCIFOR's research in the Bulungan Model Forest in Malinau, East Kalimantan, Indonesia took the form of a 3-year investigation into ways of achieving forest sustainability in a large forest landscape with diverse, rapidly changing and conflicting uses. The study reported in this book highligts the complexity of the challenge while also clarifying the key aspects. By understanding how the forest can yield timber, while also maintaining other important values to numerous stakeholders, by recognising the threat and institutional means available to address them, by understanding how the needs of the poorest communities of the forest see changes as both threats and opportunities, we can build up the understanding that decision makers need to make better decisions for sustainable forest management into the future. The research projects include: Reducing the impact logging on the forest; Biodiversity across the landscape; Forest people's dependency on forest products; and Coordination and agreement in boundary negotiation. The lessons learned from these researches provide baseline information that will support longer-term research.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/zip-file/ITTO-Report.exehttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/ITTO_report/ITTO-Report-TOC-Chapter4.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/ITTO_report/ITTO-Report-Chapter5-8.pdfBook168p. + annex in 1 CD-ROMenCIFOR Head Quarter1090ZWCIFOR research abstracts 2002CIFORCIFORBogor, Indonesia2003bibliographiesresearchforestrycommunity forestrynon-timber forest productsforest policyplantationsbiodiversitygovernanceforest managementCIFORThis book is a compilation of the abstracts of in-house and external publications produced in the year 2002 by CIFOR scientists and their collaborators. The abstracts are grouped into seven themes: general, biodiversity, forest governance and community forestry, forest management, non-timber forest products, plantations and rehabilitation of degraded forests, policy and extrasectoral issues that represent CIFOR's research activities. Indexes are provided by author and keyword.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Abstracts/Abstracts-E2002.pdfBook113p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1291ZWForest products and local forest management in West Kalimantan, Indonesia: implications for conservation and developmentde Jong, WTropenbos InternationalWageningen, Netherlands2002forest productstradecommercializationtropical forestsconservationincomecommunitiesshifting cultivationland usechangeThis book critically investigates the proposition that commercialisation of forest products contribute to both enhancing people's income and to conservation of tropical forests, using evidence from a case study from West Kalimantan, Indonesia. It draws the main conclusion that promoting commercialisation of forest products often leads to a shift of the dominance of this trade by outside entrepreneurs. Even where local people manage to control the trade, the conservation impact on tropical forests is only indirect. By studying detailed examples of local forest management in three indigenous villages in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, this book concludes that the conservation of tropical forests through forest products commercialisation is most likely to happen when local producers shift to active management of forest products in anthropogenic forests. The long term impact of such local forest management depends importantly on how local or regional economies develop. Land use intensification may take place on some parts in the landscape, where previously intensively managed forests may be left to themselves.90-5113-056-2Book120p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1087ZWCIFOR annual report 2001: forests for the futureCIFORCIFORBogor, Indonesia2002forest managementforest policyresearch projectsCIFORreportsOverview of CIFOR’s research and achievements for 2001 including complete financial statements, listings of donors and partners, key projects, staff and publications. The Report also provides the global, regional and national perspectives of CIFOR’s work. Feature stories focus on a range of forest issues, including: carbon, biodiversity, women and forest livelihoods, decentralization in Africa, secondary forests in Asia, forests and fires, forests and health, community forestry, non timber forest products, watersheds in Central America and forest policy in China.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/AR2001.pdfBook56p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1084ZWClaiming the forest: Punan local histories and recent developments in Bulungan, East KalimantanKaskija, LCIFORBogor, Indonesia2002historyforest resourcesusesethnic groupssettlementchangeThis book focuses primarily on changes that have taken place in the Malinau area in East Kalimantan in recent years. The Punan Malinau, who inhabit the area, are former nomads who subsist on a wide range of forest-oriented activities, including swidden agriculture, hunting and the collection of and trade in forest products. During the past ten years, the arrival of a growing number of powerful outsiders, including NGO's, timber and mining companies, has contributed to increasing competition for land and for various new sources of income. In the context of recent changes, local historical knowledge has become an increasingly important political asset. Such knowledge provides one way for local people to strengthen the legitimacy of their claims to land and forests.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/claiming.pdf979-8764-90-0Book118p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1085IDAfrica's tropical dry forests - time to re-engage: an agenda for priority researchCIFORCIFORBogor, Indonesia2002tropical forestsresearch projectsforest managementdevelopment plansresearch supportCIFORSwedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA)This document reviews the state of research in African dry forests and sets up the framework for a dry forest programme of research in the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). The documents consists of three sections, which represent increasing levels of focus in a proposed dry forest research programme. Section 1 (Issues and questions) largerly consists of the review of the main issues in dry forests, and suggest various lines of research. It presents issues in the context of three regions: Francophone West Africa; Anglophone Africa north of the equator; and Southern Africa; Section 2 (A framework for a dry forests' programe) provides the justification, framework and over-arching objectives for CIFOR's research and development agenda on dry forests, and was prepared after further internal discussion amongst CIFOR staff; Section 3 (Summary propoal for SIDA for a dry forest programme) is the proposed research agenda, given the immediate funds that are available.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Dryforestreport.pdfBook115p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1081IDWhich way forward?: people, forests, and policymaking in IndonesiaColfer, C.J.P.Resosudarmo, I.A.P.edsResources for the Future, Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS)Washington, DC2002forest policyforest managementgovernment policydecentralizationforestry lawcommunity forestryeconomic crisesillicit loggingforest firesIndonesia contains some of the world's most biodiverse and threatened forests. The challenges result from both long-term management problems and the political, social, and economic turmoil of the past few years. This book explores recent events in Indonesia, while focusing on what can be done differently to counter the destruction due to asset-stripping, corruption, and the absence of government authority. It consists of 16 chapters writen by authors from a wide range of disciplines. It begins with a series of chapters 1-6 that focuses on the links between the government's policies on forests and forest people. The next set of chapters 7-12 turns to in-depth, sector-level analyses of what happened in Indonesia immediately following the president Soeharto's fall. Chapter 13 and 14 focus on Indonesia's experience of the fires in 1997-98. The final chapters 15 and 16 update the reader, focusing on the two most important trends at work in the Outer Islands of Indonesia at this time: decentralization and illegal logging.1-891853-45-7Book433p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1078IDAnnual Report 2000CIFORCIFORBogor, Indonesia2001CIFORresearchforestryreportshttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/AReports/AR2000.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/docs/_ref/publications/areports/english2000/index.htmhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/Html/areport00-French.htmlBook64p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1067IDAnticipandose al cambio: guia para el uso de escenarios como instrumento para el manejo forestal adaptableWollenberg, E.Edmunds, D.Buck, LCIFORBogor, Indonesia2002changeadaptationenvironmental factorsforest managementguidelineshandbooksplanningmethodologyuncertaintycommunity involvementalso available in English and IndonesianScenario methods can be used to anticipate the future and expand the creativity of people thinking about complex forest management situations. This manual describes the use of scenarios with multiple stakeholders, with examples drawn from community-based forest management. Four classes of scenario methods are described: visions, projections, pathways and alternative scenarios. Examples of rapid participatory techniques relevant to scenario methods are also summarized. It is hoped that these methods will be useful for bringing together different groups of people concerned about forest management to exchange views, expand the realm of decision possibilities and reach more innovative solutions.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/scenarios.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/SCENARIO_indo.pdfBook38p.esCIFOR Head Quarter1055IDDecentralisation of policies affecting forests and estate crops in Kutai Barat district, East KalimantanCasson, ACIFORBogor, Indonesia2001decentralizationpolicyeffectsforestsplantation cropsThis study examines the initial impacts of decentralisation of policy making and policies affecting forests and estate crops in the district of Kutai Barat, East Kalimantan. Field work was conducted in mid 2000 and the author relied on secondary material and key informants to up date some information. Kutai Barat was formed through the partition of the original Kutai district shortly after the Habibie government issued Laws 22 and 25 in May 1999 on the decentralisation of authority from the central government to provincial and district governments. As a newly formed district, Kutai Barat has limited infrastructure and revenue. Local government officials also have limited capacity to develop policy and sustainably manage natural resources. However, decentralisation does provide opportunities for the government of Kutai Barat to secure a greater portion of the revenues generated by forests and mineral resources extracted within the district, and to build up the district's physical infrastructure and industrial facilities. During 2000, the Kutai Barat district government issued large numbers of small-scale timber extraction licenses, known as HPHH permits, to establish a district regulatory regime for forest exploitation. The district government also indicated that it would seek to encourage investors in the oil palm industry to establish operations in Kutai Barat. However, these plans have been undermined by continuing problems with PT London Sumatra, the district's largest estate crop investor. Social conflict resulting from large-scale mining operations at the PT KEM site is also presenting problems for the newly formed district.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Decentralisation-Case4.pdfBook30p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1056IDDecentralisation of policies affecting forests and estate crops in Kutawaringin Timur district, Central KalimantanCasson, ACIFORBogor, Indonesia2001decentralizationpolicyforestry lawforest resourceslocal governmentillicit loggingoil palmsplantation cropsKotawaringin Timur district lies within the Dayak heartland of Central Borneo, Indonesia. Prior to the late 1960s, most of the district was covered in dense tropical forest. However, these forests have been increasingly exploited since the 1970s when former-president Soeharto granted large timber concessions to logging companies in the area. Although Kotawaringin Timur’s forests still supply 49 percent of Central Kalimantan’s log production and half of its sawn timber and moulding, its forest resources are close to being exhausted. The rate of deforestation and forest degradation in the area is also increasing as the illegal logging trade takes hold. By 2000, around 511,823 m3 of meranti logs, or close to half of the district’s official log production, were ‘illegally’ harvested in the district. In the era of regional autonomy, the Kotawaringin Timur government is increasingly relying on the district’s forest resources for income. In doing so, it has effectively legalised and legitimised illegal logging in the district and wrested much of the revenues obtained from large-scale logging from the provincial and central governments. For example, the district government was able to generate an estimated US$ 6.2 million from the natural resource sector in 2000. More than half of this revenue was obtained from the illegal logging trade alone. As Kotawaringin Timur’s forest resources decline, the district government hopes to generate income from the plantation sector--particularly the oil palm sub-sector. This paper examines the status of forest resources in Kotawaringin Timur and details some of the changes resulting from the new decentralisation laws released by the Habibie government in 1999. It also examines the status of the oil palm sub-sector in the district and explores some of the challenges that the sub-sector faces in an era of economic and political change. Fieldwork for this study was undertaken in 2000. Numerous changes have undoubtedly occurred since the decentralisation laws came into effect in January 2001 and ethnic violence broke out in the district in February 2001. Continuing violence in the district will inevitably deter investors in the oil palm sub-sector.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Decentralisation-Case5.pdf979-8764-83-8Book38p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1057IDThe effects of Indonesia's decentralisation on forests and estate crops: case study of Riau province, the original districts of Kampar and Indragiri HuluPotter, L.Badcock, SCIFORBogor, Indonesia2001decentralizationlocal governmentpoliticseconomic crisespolicyeffectsforestsplantation cropsThis study focuses on the impacts of decentralisation on forests and estate crops in the original districts of Kampar and Indragiri Hulu, located in Riau Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. The research was conducted during 2000, preceding the beginnings of decentralisation in January 2001, with a brief follow-up to March of that year. It was important to chart attitudes to decentralisation at provincial level, as well as examine the deconcentration of the regional office of the Jakarta-based Ministry of Forestry and Estate Crops. The demands for fibre of the two immense pulp and paper companies (RAPP and Indah Kiat) was analysed on a province-wide basis. Both of the original districts were recently subdivided: Kampar became three, adding Rokan Hulu and Pelalawan, while Indragiri Hulu was halved to add Kuantan Singingi. The existence of these new entities, struggling to create separate infrastructure and administrations, has complicated the decentralisation process. Much of Indragiri Hulu is occupied by Bukit Tigapuluh National Park and its buffer zone, with many stakeholders and conflicts over illegal logging, while Kuantan Singingi has large areas under pulp plantations. Kampar and Rokan Hulu are dominated by oil palm, the plantations’ occupancy of the land being contested by local populations. Pelalawan still has natural timber, the swamp forests of the sparsely populated lower Kampar basin, but is also the headquarters of RAPP in the rapidly expanding centre of Pangkalan Kerinci. The study found that during 2000, the most serious impact on the forests was a result of political reformation and the economic crisis, with the Soeharto government’s rules being ignored and timber being cut for its quick return under conditions of high demand. Depressed rubber prices gave further impetus to forest clearing. After decentralisation, despite greatly increased available income in the districts, serious environmental and social problems remained to be tackled. While local pride was a positive outcome, signs of both xenophobia and a rush to develop at all costs were worrying aspects.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Cases%206-7.pdf979-8764-84-6Book73p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1058IDEvaluando de cosecha oculta de los bosques: metodos de valuacion para bosques y recursos forestalesCampbell, B.M.Luckert, M.K.edsNordan-ComunidadMontevideo, Uruguay2002decentralizationforest policylocal governmentnational parksforest managementadministrationtraditional societycommunity forestryloggingalso available in EnglishThis study examines the preliminary impacts of Indonesia's decentralization process on the administration and management of forest resources in Ketapang District, West Kalimantan. The case study is based on field work carried out in mid-2000, using a rapid appraisal methodology. The report covers the impacts of decentralization in three areas, in particular: customary adat communities, oil palm and rubber plantations, and conservation issues related to Gunung Palang National Park. In each of these areas, the authors examine struggles among competing interest groups that have arisen under decentralization. The study finds that with the shift of administrative authority to the district level, the district government in Ketapang took measures to generate local sources of revenues by issuing large numbers of small-scale timber extraction permits and to 'legalize' the transport of timber that had otherwise been harvested illegally. The study also finds that the very limited flow of formal revenues from the Gunung Palang National Park to the district government has encouraged an escalation of illegal logging within the park's boundaries. The authors recommend that the Ketapang District government become more involved in administering the national park to ensure that economic interests of both the district government and local communities are accomodated in the park's management.9974-42-101-2Book270; ill.esCIFOR Head Quarter1059IDAplicacion de un tratamiento silvicultual experimental en el bosque de La Lupe, Rio San Juan, NicaraguaSabogal, C.Castillo, A.Mejia, A.Castaneda, ACATIETurrialba, Costa Rica2001silvicultureforest treesgirdlingpoisoningincrementdiametermortalityloggingselective fellingcostsCollecion Manejo Diversificado de Bosques NaturalesThis document describes the application on experimental scale of a silvicultural treatment in a forest selectively logged by a timber company in the humid tropics of Nicaragua. Based on a diagnostic sampling in the La Lupe experimental forest, a silvicultural treatment was designed consisting in the liberation of future harvest trees through the elimination of competitors by stem girdling and poisoning. Plots for treatment and 1 ha-permanent sampling plots were established in the experimental area of 15,36 ha. A complementary silvicultural intervention took place three years later by harvesting commercial residual trees which were sawn in the forest by local smallholders with a frame-chainsaw and the resulting blocks hauled with an oxen. The cost of applying the silvicultural treatment was US$23,8/ha, including all inputs and manual labor. Total logging costs amounted US$1635 yielding an average of 4,3 m3 of timber per harvested hectare. The initial effects of the silvicultural interventions on forest dynamics were evaluated based on three periodic measurements of the population of trees 10+ cm dbh. In the four-year period after the silvicultural interventions mortality in the control plots was 11,2 trees/ha/year (4,9% of the original population), whereas in the treated plots it reached 20,3 tress/ha/year (2,4%). The median yearly increment in diameter was from 0,3 to 0,4 cm/year in the control plots and 0,3 to 0,5 cm/year in the treated plots. The median yearly diameter increments during the period oscillated between 0,3 and 0,5 cm. Book34p.ptCIFOR Head Quarter1052NIBeneficios das plantas da capoeira para a comunidade de Benjamin Constant, Para, Amazonia Brasileira: The benefits of plants from secondary forests to the community of Benyamin Constant in Para State, Brazilian AmazonRios, M.Martins da Silva, R.C.V.Sabogal, C.Martins, J.da Silva, R.N.de Brito, R.R.de Brito, I.M.Costa de Brito, M.F.da Silva, J.R.Ribeiro, R.TCIFORBelem, Brazil2001ethnobotanysecondary forestsmultipurpose treesspeciesdescriptionsdistributionhandbooksusesfarmersSecondary forests, the woody successional vegetation which develops after the original vegetation of the site has been removed by human activity (usually for agriculture or livestock production), is a resource of growing importance in tropical landscapes. The community of Benjamin Constant, located in one of the oldest agricultural frontier areas in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon (the Bragantina Region in Para State), is inhabited by small-scale farmers practicing subsistence agriculture. As part of their livelihoods, families in this community rely on the existence of secondary forests. As a result of ethno-botanical studies carried out in the community, 135 useful plant species were identified, providing a wide array of products such as food, tubers, latex, oils, fibers, resins, gums, balsams, condiments, candles and cellulose. After two years of collaboration with the local population, a manual to valorize their traditional knowledge on forest plants was considered a priority. The present ethno-botanical manual describes 12 useful plants selected on the basis of intensity of local use and frequency of distribution. The species included are: amapá (Parahancornia fasciculata (Poir.) Benoist), anani (Symphonia globulifera L. f.), bacuri (Platonia insignis Mart.), barbatimão (Maytenus myrsinoides Reissek), caju (Anacardium occidentale L.), lacre (Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) Choisy), muruci-do-mato (Byrsonima aerugo Sagot), perpétua (Psychotria colorata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Müll. Arg.), piquiá (Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers.), sapucaia (Lecythis pisonis Cambess.), siquiba (Himatanthus sucuuba (Spruce ex Müll. Arg.) Woodson) and verônica-vermelha (Dalbergia subcymosa Ducke). The work was part of the project Farmer Management of Secondary Forests (PBS), executed by Embrapa Amazônia Oriental (the Brazilian Enterprise for Agricultural Research – Research Station in the Eastern Amazon), FCAP (the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of Para State) and CIFOR (the Center for International Forestry Research).Book54p.ptCIFOR Head Quarter1053BRThe private sector speaks: investing in sustainable forest managementChipeta, M.E.Joshi, M.edsCIFORBogor, Indonesia2001conferencesprivate sectorinvestmentforest managementsustainabilityconstraintspolicyWorldwide, the private sector is expected to play a lead role in economic and production activities, while the public sector provides the supportive policy as well as the legal and other institutional environment for this. National governments of most developing countries have limited financial resources to fund sustainable forest management (SFM) and society is incresingly expecting the rpivate sector to fund SFM. However, the participation of the private sector is not forthcoming as many would like to see. This book presents the papers prepared for the Oslo workshop which convey the perceptions and views of the private sector, including: a glimpse of the currents status of private sector involvement in the forest sector in general, and SFM in particular; the main obstacles the private sector currently faces that deter it from making greater investments; the desired changes in the policy and operating environment which can make conditions more 'enabling for private sector engagement. The first chapter gives a brief background on financing SFM, and a synthesis blending ideas from the papers and the discussions at the workshop on the role of the private sector. The nine chapters are the original Oslo workshop papers.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/zip-file/private_sector.exehttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/private_sector/private_sector-page1-78.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/private_sector/private_sector-page79-171.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/private_sector/private_sector-page171-302.pdf979-8764-72-2Bookxiv, 303p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1037BRMaximum yield?: sustainable agriculture as a tool for conservationMargoluis, R.Russel, V.Gonzalez, M.Rojas, O.Magdaleno, J.Madrid, G.Kaimowitz, DBiodiversity Support ProgramWashington, D.C., USA2001deforestationtropical forestsshifting cultivationconservationagriculturesustainabilitylinkageanalysisresearch projectsDeforestation is one of the primary threats to biodiversity in tropical forests arround the world. Deforestation has many direct causes, including conversion of forests to pasture for livestock, expansion of agricultural lands, commercial logging, and urbanization. Indirectly, deforestation is influenced by a host of other factors, including road construction, technological change, agricultural prices, household incomes, and land tenure and security. In recent decades, the destruction of tropical forests has been a primary concern of conservation organizations. These organizations have tried many different approaches to reduce deforestation, including direct protection, restoration, education, policy changes, and the use of various incentives. However, relatively little practical guidance exists for conservation project managers in the field to compare different conservation tools to determine which one has the highest probability of success at their site. What is missing are clear, useful, and practical principles for designing, managing, and monitoring conservation strategies to reduce threats to biodiversity. To make wise choices about best practices - what works, what doesn't, and why - we must learn about the conditions under which specific strategies are most effective. In recent years, sustainable agriculture has been promoted as an effective tool to reduce deforestation in tropical areas. This analysis explores the conditions under which sustainable agriculture works to achieve conservation in tropical forest setting.Book62p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1028BRSistemas tradicionales de gestión del bosque tropical en Indonesia: ecología y prácticas silviculturalesGarcia-Fernandez, CUniversidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de BiologiaMadrid, Spain2001tropical forestssilvicultural systemstraditional technologystyrax paralelloneurumCalamus caesiusecologythesesThesis (Ph.D.) - Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Dpto. EcologyTropical forests have been perceived as biodiversity sanctuaries that should be preserved from human action. However, rural communities have lived in these forests over millennia using their biodiversity to satisfy a wide range of needs (timber, food, medicinal plants, etc.), without threatening the long run benefits they provide. Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) were identified as a valid option to achieve sustainable development. Recently, traditional forest management systems, created and implemented by rural communities, have been identified as another way to favor the sustainable use of these areas. Management practices are extremely complex and ever changing to fit the different environmental, cultural and economic conditions of each territory. The study conducted is focused in two traditional management systems in Indonesian forest, third country in extension of tropical forest after Brazil and Zaire. The resources studied, exploited in small management units (gardens), are benzoin resin (Styrax paralelloneurum) and rattan canes (Calamus caesius). Both are forest resources classified as NTFPs. Benzoin is a tree characteristic of mature forest that requires shade in the first stages of growth, therefore it is planted under forest cover once the undergrowth vegetation have been eliminated. After the first years the samplings need more sunlight so it become independent of the forest that provided shelter. Therefore regular clearance is practiced once the exploitation of the resin starts, seven to ten years after the planting. On the other hand, rattan is a multi stemmed climbing palm that it is established together with rice in shifting cultivation plots where all the vegetation have been eliminated. After one or two years the plot is abandoned and the rattan grows with the secondary vegetation. This palm will need trees to climb to so the canes have good quality. In this systems the silvicultural activities are directed to maintain a forest cover that it is not too dense, it would not allow sunlight to come in, not too open, which would restrict climbing possibilities. Silvicultural practices are human alterations of the natural dynamics of forest and therefore they can provoke structural changes in forest structure. Benzoin gardens the density of Styrax trees is the main discriminant variable. They can go from the plantation extreme (where 80% of the trees above 10 cm dbh are cultivated) to the forest like extreme (benzoin represents 45% of the stems), with presence of lianas, epiphytes and other elements of mature forest. In the first case, even with high density of plantation (477 tress/ha) the undergrowth vegetation is clear but diverse, which differentiate them from real plantations, that are monospecific, and that require in general external inputs. Rattan gardens on the other extreme are structurally more similar to a forest. Tree density (dbh³ 10 cm) ranges from 374 to 651 compare to 600 trees/ha in primary forest areas. Differences are related tree cover and size and with Calamus clusters density. This uniformity is an indication of the low intensity of management required to keep the gardens in good conditions. A parameter with major importance in the context of this work is the diversity this gardens hold compared to the one in mature forest areas.Book228p.esCIFOR Head Quarter1025IDManaging resourcesMartin, G.J.Barrow, S.Cunningham, A.B.Shanley, P.edsUNESCO/WWF/KewParis2001natural resourcesresource managementconservationcommunity involvementcommunity developmentThe People and plants handbook is a source of information on applying ethnobotany to conservation and community development. It is designed for people who work in the field, including park managers, foresters, students, researchers, cultural promoters, and members of non-governmental, governmental and indigenous organizations.Book40p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1023IDEffect of exotic tree plantations on plant diversity and biological soil fertility in the Congo savanna: with special reference to eucalyptsBernhard-Reversat, F.edCIFORBogor, Indonesia2001plantationsEucalyptusforest litterlitter-plantvegetationchangesoil organic mattersoil fertilitynitrogen fixationbiodiversitysavannasIn the southern coastal region of Congo near Pointe-Noire, savanna covers large areas on very poor sandy soils. These savannas have been used since 1978 for plantations of fast growing trees, mainly eucalypts, which are grown commercially. A particular feature of the Congolese plantations was their establishment on savanna with poor soil and vegetation. This document reports a study on the importance of the biological factors in fertility. The report is divided in three parts: (i) The effect of both savanna and forest on undergrowth colonisation, and the trends of understorey vegetation changes with age. (ii) The relationships between vegetation and fertility are closely linked to litter and soil organic matter quality and quantity these were studied in an age series of eucalypt hybrids and clones. (iii) The density of the main taxa of macrofauna and nematodes was assessed according to the age of plantation and logging. Nitrogen fixation ability related to the dramatic N shortage expected to occur in aging plantations was also studied. In the harsh environment like the Congolese savanna, silviculture is a land use that has numerous positive effects although there are many problems still to be addresed. The increase in soil organic matter accounts for many positive changes is a fragile process. All management practices likely to decrease inputs, such as the burning of harvest residues, the harvest of twigs and leaves for fuel, and the harvest of logs with the bark, are expected to counteract environmental improvements resulting from eucalyptus growth. The choice of species and hybrids beside their growth and wood qualities should take into account litter quality and decomposition rate. Further research is needed on the cumulative effect of silvicultural practices involved in short-rotation forestry and its relation with soil organic matter. (YS)http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Congo.pdf979-8764-72-2Book71p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1008CGExploring biological diversity, environment and local people’s perspectives in forest landscapes: methods for a multidisciplinary landscape assessmentSheil, D.Puri, R.K.Basuki, I.van Heist, M.SaefuddinRukmiyatiSardjono, M.A.Samsoedin, I.Sidiyasa, K.D.ChrisandiniPermana, E.Angi, E.M.Gatzweiler, F.Johnson, B.Wijaya, ACIFORBogor, Indonesia2001biodiversityforestslandscapeassessmentmethodologycommunity forestryThis book for the first time brings together a suite of effective methods as a guidance on how to deal with the needs of local communities and biodiversity in landscapes required by decision makers. The techniques provide conventional biophysical descriptions of the landscape and explicitly relate this information to local needs, preferences and value systems. These methods can be used to guide future research and to make recommendations on options about land use and policy. The methods described in this report also provide a foundation for deeper dialogue with the forest communities.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/zip-file/exploring_bio.exehttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/zip-file/Apppendices_Exploring.exe979-8764-88-9Book93p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1021CGA la découverte de la biodiversite, de l’environnement et des perspectives des populations locales dans les paysages forestiers: methodes pour une etude pluridisciplinaire du paysageSheil, D.Puri, R.K.Basuki, I.van Heist, M.Wan, M.Liswanti, N.RukmiyatiSardjono, M.A.Samsoedin, I.Sidiyasa, K.D.ChrisandiniPermana, E.Angi, E.M.Gatzweiler, F.Johnson, B.Wijaya, ACIFORBogor, Indonesia2004biodiversityforestslandscapeassessmentmethodologycommunity forestryAlso available in English, Spanish, and IndonesianThis book for the first time brings together a suite of effective methods as a guidance on how to deal with the needs of local communities and biodiversity in landscapes required by decision makers. The techniques provide conventional biophysical descriptions of the landscape and explicitly relate this information to local needs, preferences and value systems. These methods can be used to guide future research and to make recommendations on options about land use and policy. The methods described in this report also provide a foundation for deeper dialogue with the forest communities.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-french.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-Ina.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/exploring_bio.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Appendices_Exploring.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-spanish1.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-spanish1.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-spanish2.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-spanish3.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Exploring-spanish4.pdf979-3361-28-XBook93p.frCIFOR Head Quarter1596IDFuelwood studies in India: myth and realityPandey, D.NCIFORBogor, Indonesia2002fuelwoodenergy consumptionsupplywood utilizationhouseholdsstatisticsdata collectionforest resourcesreviewsThis report provides an in-depth review and critical analysis of the fuelwood, wood balance and household energy studies done in India in the last decades, and the developments in the commercial energy sector. The study synthesised the trend in the consumption of domestic energy and also the reliability level of fuelwood statistics. The consumption of fuelwood has been analysed in relation to availability of forests/trees resource, urbanisation and income level. It has been found that the fuelwood consumption and production statistics estimated by most of the studies are often not reliable. Average reliance can be placed on the consumption statistics, because most of the fuelwood studies/household energy surveys have focused on he consumption part but statistics on the supply and source aspect are extremely weak and unreliable. The review of the consumption aspect has found that traditional fuel (fuelwood, crop residue and dung cake) still dominates domestic energy use in rural India and accounts for about 90% of the total. Fuelwood alone accounts for about 60% of the total fuel in rural areas. In urban areas, the consumption pattern is changing due ti increased availability of commercial fuel (LPG, kerosene, and electricity). During 1983-1999, the consumption of traditional fuel declined from 49% to 24% and LPG connection to households increased from 10% to 44%. To make fuelwood statistics reliable, it has been suggested that key factors influencing consumption of fuelwood such as, urbanisation, nearness to accessible forest/tree resource, income level and climate should be used to stratify the population and repeated physical measurement should be done estimate per capita consumption precisely. For estimating the production of fuelwood new volume growth models of trees relating to their biomass produced during life cycle should be made. And to determine the actual source of supply of fuelwood, investigators have to observe the flow of wood households and other consumption and distribution centres for a longer period, which would also cover the seasonal variation, instead of depending upon questionaires.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Fuelwood.pdf979-8764-92-7Bookxii, 93p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1103INSocial learning in community forestsWollenberg, E.Edmunds, D.Buck, L.Fox, J.Brodt, S.edsCIFORBogor, Indonesia2001learningsocial environmentcommunity forestryforest managementconferencesHow can different interest groups engage together in learning processes that enable them to better manage community forests? In this volume, practitioners from eight countries document their experience with the aim of identifying how to characterize social learning, as well as how to improve upon current practice. Analysis of current approaches to facilitation and the circumstances or platforms of learning indicate the need for more attention to the different avenues and styles of learning and the potential benefits of using multiple avenues. Learning styles and approaches need to be responsive to stakeholders’ preferences, culture, and changes in management needs. Multiple approaches are likely if the goal is to reach all the necessary parties and to be relevant to changing conditions over time. In documenting these experiences, the authors link their observations to concepts, labels and the theory of social learning to further advance our general understanding of multi-stakeholder processes in forest management.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Social-Learning.pdf979-8764-77-3Bookxvii, 209p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1000INUncovering the hidden harvest: valuation methods for woodland and forest resourcesCampbell, B.M.Luckert, M.K.edsEarthscan PublicationsLondon, UK2002forest productswoodlandsforest resourcesrural economyrural welfarevaluationmethodologypricesmarketscost benefit analysisparticipatory rural appraisalAlso available in SpanishThis book is directed to non-economists working in the context of developing countries. The purpose is to provide an overview of methods that may be used to assess the economic importance of forests to household livelihoods. The methods are presented with a number of examples of their use, most of them drawn from developing countries. The importance of an interdisciplinary approach is now well recognized, and non-economists are increasingly working in teams that include economists. Moreover, many non-economists are being asked to plan and execute projects that include an economic element. This book will provide the reader with the tools to understand the different approaches and methods and make more informed decisions as to which methods may be applicable. The book comprises of eight chapters: 1. Bruce Campbell and Martin K. Luckert. Towards understanding the role of forests in rural livelihoods. 2. William Cavendish. Quantitative methods for estimating the economic value of resource use to rural households. 3. Michele Veeman. Understanding local and regional markets for forest products. 4. Peter C. Boxal and Tom Beckley. An introduction to approach and issues for measuring non-market values in developing economies. 5. Terrence S. Veenan and Martin K. Luckert. Economic decision-making framework for considering resource values: procedures, perils and promise. 6. Nontokozo Nemarundwe and Michael Richards. Participatory methods for exploring livelihood values derived from forests: potential and limitations. 7. Bev Sithole, Peter Frost and Terrence S. Veeman. Searching for synthesis: integrating economic perspectives with those from other disciplines. 8. Martin K. Luckert and Bruce M. Campbell. Expanding our conceptual and methodological understanding of the role of trees and forests in rural livelihoods. 1-85383-809-8Book262p.enCIFOR Head Quarter996INForest, resources and people in Bulungan: elements for a history of settlement, trade and social dynamics in Borneo, 1880-2000Sellato, BCIFORBogor, Indonesia2001forest resourcespeoplecommunitiesrelationshipshistorysettlementtradesocioeconomicsCIFORBulungan regency is the northern part of the province of East Kalimantan, Indonesia. In the course of the last decade, Kalimantan's or Borneo's hinterland has been the target of unprecedented non-timber forest products (NTFP) collecting activity. More intensive NTFP use has contributed to unsustainable extractive practices and environmental damage and to deep social and political disruption. This book examines northern East Kalimantan's trade networks. The historical scope extends from about 1880 to present and primarily focus on Long Pujungan and Malinau districts. Thematically, the study is on institutions and land and forest use patterns, and their changes with emphasis on social and economic features. It explains regional patterns in the light of past relationships between tribal interior groups and trading coastal polities and seeks to understand both the economic contribution of NTFPs and the institutions controlling their use. It offers some broad ideas that should prove useful in understanding how the past has shaped the present and how the present socio-economic situation owes many of its specific features to past patterns and events.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/ForestBulungan.pdf979-8764-76-5Bookix, 183p.enCIFOR Head Quarter993INKetergantungan masyarakat Dayak terhadap hutan di sekitar Taman Nasional Kayan MentarangUluk, A.Sudana, M.Wollenberg, ECIFORBogor, Indonesia2001forest resourcesusescommunitiestraditional societyethnic groupsincomefoodsculturemultiple usecustomary lawpolicyright of accessnational parksCIFORIn Indonesia, rapid deforestation is affecting local populations’ access to forest, yet little information is available about the impacts of deforestation on highly forest-dependent populations. To better understand these potential impacts, this document reports on economic and cultural uses of the forest for three villages in the Sub-District of Pujungan in East Kalimantan, using data from household suveys conducted in 1996. It shows how local Kenyah groups depend on forests for food, medicine, construction, cash income, as well as to maintain natural resources such as water and soil fertility, and as a source of cultural symbols and even people’s names. It also show the linkages of the forest to Kenyah culture and reviews local rules of use of forest resources, including the concept of tana’ ulen. The study notes that despite policies making customary management of forest possible, these policies have yet to be formally applied in area. Until the local communities feel more secure about their rights to land, their way of life, which depends so very much on the forest, is at risk.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/ketergantungan.pdf979-8764-74-9Bookxii, 150p.idCIFOR Head Quarter994INCriteres et indicateurs de durabilite dans les paysages forestiers geres par les communautes: guide introductifRitchie, B.McDougall, C.Haggith, M.Burford de Oliveira, NCIFORBogor, Indonesia2001community forestryforest managementhandbooksmonitoringassessmentparticipationcriteriaindicatorsAlso available in English, Portuguese, and IndonesianCommunity managed forest systems embody a considerable portion of the wisdom, knowledge, and practical skills and management necessary for the sustainability of forest resources globally. These systems, however, are under threat in many ways, including from the rapid rate of change of their political, socio-economic, and biophysical contexts. Adapting forest management sufficiently quickly and effectively to meet these changes is both urgent and very challenging. This Guide introduces criteria and indicators of sustainability for community managed forest landscapes (CMF C&I) as a potential learning and communication tool that can help meet that challenge. It draws on CIFOR collaborative research on CMF C&I in Brazil, Indonesia, and Cameroon to propose a flexible step-by-step approach to developing and implementing self - or collaborative forest monitoring systems, and gives examples of C&I developed by communities in these countries. The approach is targeted to communities and their partners in forest management, such as NGOs, government, or development projects, who are seeking strategies to improve local well-being and forest sustainability through more effective learning, collaboration, and decision-making in local forest management.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/CMFPortuguese.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/cmf.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/CMF_INA.pdf979-8764-43-9Book117p.frCIFOR Head Quarter992INPest outbreaks in tropical forest plantations: is there a greater risk for exotic tree species?Nair, K.S.SCIFORBogor, Indonesia2001forest plantationsexoticstreesspeciesmonocultureinsect pestsoutbreaksriskassessmentIn the context of the ongoing expansion of forest plantations of exotic tree species in the tropics, a critical assessment was made of the risk of insect pest outbreaks in exotics. To date, there have been two opposing views: that plantations of exotic species are at greater risk compared to indigenous species and conversely, that exotics are at lesser risk. Both views rest on theoretical arguments. In this study, an empirical approach was used to address the issue. For nine most commonly planted species in the tropics, the pest problems in natural forest stands, in countries in which the species are indigenous (native plantations), and in exotic plantations were compared. The species chosen were Acacia mangium, Eucalyptus spp., Gmelina arborea, Hevea brasiliensis, Leucaena leucocephala, Paraserianthes falcataria, Pinus caribaea, Swietenia macrophylla and Tectona grandis. The results showed that: (1) monoculture itself caused an increase in the pest problems; and (2) the pest risk of exotics was variable, for some species similar to that of native plantations, while greater or lesser for others. The risk of pest outbreak is therefore not solely dependent on the exotic or indigenous status of a species. Empirical results also showed that pest outbreaks occurred in native plantations. The theory relating to insect population dynamics and causes of pest outbreaks is discussed and based on a mix of empirical evidence and theory. It is concluded that the following factors determine the risk of pest outbreak in exotic monoculture plantations: (1) presence or absence of plant species closely related to the exotic; (2) extent of area under the exotic species; (3) genetic base of the planted stock; (4) distance from the native habitat of the exotic; (5) existence of serious pests in the native habitat of the exotic; (6) time elapsed since introduction; (7) chemical profile of the exotic species; and (8) innate biological attributes of the insects associated with a tree species. The overall conclusion from this study is that while all monoculture plantations are at greater risk of pest outbreaks than natural forests, plantations of exotics are at no greater risk than plantations of indigenous species. It should be possible to develop a pest risk rating system for different tree species for different locations, based on these criteria.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Nair.pdf979-8764-87-0Book74p.enCIFOR Head Quarter984INDecentralisation, local communities and forest management in Barito Selatan district, Central KalimantanMcCarthy, J.FCIFORBogor, Indonesia2001forest managementdecentralizationimpactforest policylocal governmentlocal populationloggingforest products industriesconflictBased on field research carried out in Central Kalimantan during June and July 2000, this chapter examines the likely impact of the decentralisation reforms on forest management in Barito Selatan. Conclusions are derived from three major sources. First, interviews were conducted with key government officials and community figures in the provincial capital, Palangkaraya, and the district capital, Buntok. These were supplemented with information from relevant newspaper and government reports. Thirdly, brief visits were made to a number of communities around the district to examine the implications of these reforms for forest dependent communities and to consider the degree to which local communities are likely to benefit from the new decentralised arrangements. The first section of this chapter provides an overview of the geographic and economic context, at the same time discussing the forestry sector in the district. The second section examines specific disputes, controversies and decisions regarding land use, forestry regulations, law enforcement, and revenue collection, considering the roles and motivations of different stakeholders during the decentralisation process and the consequent implications for forests and people. The third section considers the situation of forest dependent communities in the district in the midst of the decentralisation process. It examines the fate of village communities dependent on rattan gardens, the circumstances of an isolated and impoverished community living in the middle of a logging concession area, and a hamlet where eleven unlicensed sawmills had opened operations over the previous twelve months. Based on this discussion, the final section draws some conclusions regarding the real and anticipated effects of decentralisation on forest management in the district.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Decentralisation-Case1.pdf979-8764-79-XBookxiii, 34p.enCIFOR Head Quarter985IDDecentralisation and forest management in Kapuas district, Central KalimantanMcCarthy, J.FCIFORBogor, Indonesia2001forest managementdecentralizationimpactforest policylocal governmentlocal populationconcessionsloggingforest products industriesconflictThis case study discusses decentralisation and forest management in Kapuas district, Central Kalimantan, focusing specifically on the impact of these administrative reforms on timber concessions operating there. It is based on field research carried out during June and July 2000. The study is based on interviews with government officials, forestry department staff, university researchers, NGO workers and the employees of timber workers in the provincial capital, Palangkaraya, and the district capital, Kuala Kapuas. Research was also carried out in Gunung Mas in the headwaters of the Kahayan River and further interviews were conducted with businessmen, sub-district government officials and lower level forestry staff, community leaders and local villagers. This document provides: (1) Essential background regarding the geography, economy and history of forestry in Kapuas district. (2) A discussion focuses on decentralisation and forest management, analysing the financial situation of the district administration, the efforts of the district government to create district laws to regulate the forestry sector in the district, and the initial impacts of decentralisation on spatial planning and environmental management. (3) Analyses the situation of timber concessionaires in Gunung Mas just before the decentralisation laws took effect, focusing on the changing relationships among timber companies, the local administration and local communities. The case study examines the endemic conflicts occurring between local communities and logging concessionaires in the area. Finally, it draws some conclusions regarding the impact of decentralisation on forest management in the district.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Decentralisation-Case2.pdf979-8764-80-3Bookxiii, 45p.enCIFOR Head Quarter987IDLinking C&I to a code of practice for industrial tropical tree plantationsPoulsen, J.Applegate, G.Raymond, DCIFORBogor, Indonesia2001code of practiceplantationstreesforest plantationsindustryforest products industriesmanagementsustainabilitytropicsThis book contains two topics: 1. Poulsen, J., Applegate, G. C&I for sustainable development of industrial tropical tree plantations (with links to a code of practice). 2. Applegate, G., Raymond, D. Code of practice for industrial tree plantation development in the tropics.Over the last ten years there has been an increasing emphasis on development of plantation estates for both wood fiber and agricultural crops such as oil palm. The principles for sustainable development and establishment of industrial plantations also account for the social, environmental and biodiversity aspects.This document showed the first attempt of CIFOR to develop a process designed to link the development of criteria and indicators (C&I) more closely with practical and sustainable plantation development principles and practices, the latter expressed through a Code of Practice. To ensure that the two systems are mutually compatible they have been developed simultaneously. The process aims to ensure that the satndards for practical development of industrial plantations reflect, properly and appropriately, the needs and concerns expressed in the criteria and indicators for sustainable management and development of planted forests. This is intended to both increase the relevance and hence perhaps the adoption of C&I, such as those developed by CIFOR. Criteria and indicators can provide the benchmark for a plantation owner to assess progress towards sustainable forest management within their forest estate.It can be used as a means of assesing compliance with suitable set of benchmarks such as contained within a Code of Practice for industrial tree plantation development in the tropics (Code). (YS)http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/LinkingC&I.pdf979-8764-65-XBookviii, 36; xi, 86p.enCIFOR Head Quarter983IDBanking on sustainability: structural adjustment and forestry reform in post-Suharto IndonesiaBarr, CWWF Macroeconomics Program Office and CIFORWashington, D.C., USA2001forestrystructural adjustmentchangeforest products industriespulp and paper industryeconomic crisesconcessionsloggingforest plantationsChapter 4 of this book The political economy of fiber and finance in Indonesia’s pulp and paper industries previously was circulated as a draft paper entitled “Profits on paper : the political economy of fiber, finance, and debt in Indonesia's pulp and paper industries”.In 1997, a major financial crisis struct Asia. In the wake of that crisis, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank provided large loans to the Indonesian government in return for their commitment to implement policy reforms intended to stabilize the economy and rekindle growth. Those reforms included various measures explicitly designed to improve forest management, most of which focused on forest concessions run by large Indonesian conglomerates. This book contains analysis on the prospects for policy interventions aimed at promoting sustainable forest management in three important arenas: 1. HPH concession management and timber trade. 2. Pulp and paper expansion and financial risk assessment. 3. Corporate debt resolution.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/cbarr/Banking.pdfBook140p.enCIFOR Head Quarter982IDThe impacts of decentralisation on forests and forest-dependent communities in Malinau district, East KalimantanBarr, C.Wollenberg, E.Limberg, G.Anau, N.Iwan, R.Sudana, I.M.Moeliono, M.Djogo, TCIFORBogor, Indonesia2001decentralizationcommunitiescommunity forestryforest resourcesutilizationlocal governmentregulationscustomary lawconflictMalinau District, established through partition in 1999, is the largest district in East Kalimantan and contains some of its largest tracts of forest. With decentralization, the district has sought to generate revenues from its forests, but these efforts have been handicapped by a concurrent lack of institutional capacities to manage rapid forest exploitation and conflicts over claims. Timber extraction and utilization permits (Izin Pemungutan dan Pemanfaatan Kayu or IPPK) have been the main instrument for revenue generation, with 39 IPPK covering 56,000 ha. expected to generate revenues equivalent to roughly nine times the district ’s 2000 budget. The IPPKs have enabled local entrepreneurs and communities to gain access to forest land and benefits previously controlled by centrally allocated concessions, however conflict has increased significantly where IPPK ’s overlapped with concessions and where IPPKs did not fulfill contractual obligations to communities. Overlapping adat or customary-based claims to land have fueled further conflict. While districts now enjoy more control and economic benefits from forests, there is a high risk of reconcentration of power at the district level, especially as government officials lack accountability to villagers and communities still lack secure legal rights to resources.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Decentralisation-Case3.pdf979-8764-81-1Book48p.enCIFOR Head Quarter980IDAprovechamiento mejorado en bosques de produccion forestal: estudio de caso Los Filos, Rio San Juan, NicaraguaSabogal, C.Castillo, A.Carrera, F.Castaneda, ACATIETurrialba, Costa Rica2001loggingplanninginventoriestechniquescostsyieldsOther series title: Coleccion Manejo Diversificado de Bosques Naturales; Publicacion no.21This document describes and analyzes the operations of a technically planned timber harvest applied on experimental scale by a lumber company in a humid tropical forest of the Southeast of Nicaragua. It involves an operational inventory, the planning and building of the network trails and mountain yards, the controlled logging and its dragging and post-harvest activities. The yields and costs were determined for each one of the operations. The costs are similar to those in other regions of the humid tropic. The short term impact of the logging was evaluated in term of the damages to the forest, as well as changes in the silvicultural conditions of the remnants mass. The results show that the damages were smaller, in comparison with traditional methods in Central America; thus, the forest was in good condition to allow its handling in natural form. The population of trees and the regeneration in terms of growth, mortality and recruitment were monitored during four years through a network of permanent plots installed before the intervention. The experience in Rio San Juan indicates that benefits can be obtained with the application of low impact techniques in the commercial timber harvest. One recommendation is to validate these results on an operational scale and increase the information coverage of the results, in order to convince the lumber company, the concessionaire or the forest that a good planning, supervision and qualification in the harvest of the forest is not more expensive and it is at their reach.Bookxi, 57p.esCIFOR Head Quarter977NIAgricultura familiar no nordeste paraense: informacoes preliminares como contribucao ao manejo sustentavel da capoeiraCarvalheiro, K. de O.Goncalves, D. de A.Mattos, M.M.Ferreira, M. do S.G.edsEmbrapa Amazonia Oriental and CIFORBelem, Brazil2001secondary forestsforest productsmarketseconomic developmentsmall farmssocial welfareThis extension booklet presents, in a simple language and aided by tables and illustrations, the initial results of a collaborative research project being carried out in the Bragantina and Guama regions, State of Para, in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon. The project aims to develop ways to increase the economic value of secondary forests growing in smallholder farms, and is coordinated by the Brazilian Enterprise for Agricultural Research (EMBRAPA), the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the State of Para (FCAP), the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and the Tropical Agricultural Centre for Research and Higher Education (CATIE). The booklet represents an effort to devolve information to farmers. It includes results of a socio-economic study on the role of secondary forests in farmers' livelihoods, floristic inventories in secondary forests on smallholder farms and a market survey of promissing products from secondary forests.Book76p.ptCIFOR Head Quarter978BRCIFOR research abstracts 2000CIFORCIFORBogor, Indonesia2001researchbibliographiesforestryCIFORThis publication is a collection of the abstracts of in-house and external publications produced in the year 2000 by CIFOR scientists and their collaborators. It also abstracts several publications produced in 1999 that were not able to be included in the 1999 research abstrats. The abstracts are grouped into six themes that represent CIFOR's research activities. Indexes are provided by author and subject.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/RA2000.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Abstracts/RA2000French.pdfBook114p.enCIFOR Head Quarter952BRResumes de recherche 2000CIFORCIFORBogor, Indonesia2001researchbibliographiesforestryCIFORAlso available in EnglishThis publication is a collection of the abstracts of in-house and external publications produced in the year 2000 by CIFOR scientists and their collaborators. It also abstracts several publications produced in 1999 that were not able to be included in the 1999 research abstrats. The abstracts are grouped into six themes that represent CIFOR's research activities. Indexes are provided by author and subject.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Abstracts/RA2000French.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/RA2000.pdfBook130p.frCIFOR Head Quarter1444BRLessons for change: getting more from international forestry assistanceFruhling, P.Persson, RSIDA and CIFORStockholm, Sweden2001development agenciesdevelopment aidforestryinternational organizationschangeDuring the last few decades, forestry assistance has benefited from the positive interest in environmental issues and has generally been less questioned than many other sectors of fields within international development assistance. If compared with its own goals and the resources invested, it have achieved rather modest results. The privileged position of forestry assistance may thus soon be challenged, by legitimate demands for increases efficiency in times of decreasing overall volumes of international development aid. Now it is time to embark upon the discussion on how to improve quality and effectiveness, how to spend smarter or even how to do more with less. The purpose of this booklet is to contribute to this much-needed discussion, drawing upon relevant lessons learnt within other fields of international development assistance, analyzing the current situation concerning forestry assistance and finally outlining some suggestions on new paths for the future.91-586 89 81-8Book32p.enCIFOR Head Quarter949BRRehabilitation of degraded tropical forest ecosystems: workshop proceedings, 2-4 November 1999, Bogor, IndonesiaKobayashi, S.Turnbull, J.W.Toma, T.Mori, T.Majid, N.M.N.A.edsCIFORBogor, Indonesia2001degraded forestsdeforestationtropical forestsforest fragmentationrehabilitationfire effectslogging effectsevaluationmethodologysilvicultural systemstechniqueslowland areasresearch projectsCIFORconferencesThis conference proceedings contains 26 papers based on the activities of partner institutions that the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) has facilitated. There are 4 sections: (i) evaluation of forest harvesting and fire impacts on forest ecosystems; (ii) development of methods to rehabilitate logged-over forests and degraded forest lands; (iii) development of silvicultural techniques on degraded forest lands; and (iv) network of the rehabilitation of degraded forest ecosystems. http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/zip-file/Rehabilitation.exe979-8764-70-6Book226p.enCIFOR Head Quarter919BRProceedings of Workshop on China Social Economics, Marketing and Policy of the Bamboo Sector, 16-18 June 1999, BeijingFu MaoyiRuiz Perez, M.Yang XiaoshengedsChina Forestry Publishing HouseBeijing2001conferencesbamboosnon-timber forest productstenure systemsrural industrypolicychangeproductionraw materialsmarketsdevelopmentsocioeconomicsOver the past few years, a number of Chinese researchers have collaborated with CIFOR and INBAR/IDRC in a systematic, two-phase socio-economic study of the bamboo sector in China. This proceedings contains a synthesis from the main research findings from research programs related to socioeconomics, marketing and policy in the bamboo sector of China. The current status and planning in the main bamboo - growing regions and industry systems are addressed. The studies cover strategic objectives, major projects, planning and actions, as well as problems and countermeasures to remedy them. The directions of development and prospects for sustainable development of the bamboo sector into the 21st century are considered.7-5038-2704-1Book235p.zhCIFOR Head Quarter917CNPemetaan desa partisipatif dan penyelesaian konflik batas: studi kasus di desa-desa daerah aliran sungai Malinau, January s/d Juli 2000Anau, N.van Heist, M.Iwan, R.Limberg, G.Sudana, I.M.Wollenberg, ECIFORBogor, Indonesia2001mappingvillagesparticipationcommunity involvementconflictwatershedscase studiesCIFOR's ACM program has been carrying out participatory action research with local communities to devise models for forest management by multiple stakeholders. One of the early requests by communities has been for the mapping of their villages. This report describes the facilitation team's observations during the process of mapping these territories (villages along the Malinau river, Kalimantan, Indonesia). Central theme is the question what caused conflicts within and between villages and how were these handled and overcome by the communities. The role that the participatory mapping process played in identifying as well as solving the conflicts is discussed. After a general overview and analysis of the situation, each village is also described in more detail: background information, description of the conflicts and approach to solving them.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/zip-file/Conflict.exeBook55p.enCIFOR Head Quarter704CNMengantisipasi perubahan skenario sebagai sarana pengelolaan hutan secara adaptif: suatu panduanWollenberg, E.Edmunds, D.Buck, LCIFORBogor, Indonesia2001changeadaptationenvironmental factorsforest managementguidelineshandbookslearningplanningmethodologyuncertaintycommunity involvementCIFORAlso available in English and SpanishScenario methods can be used to anticipate the future and expand the creativity of people thinking about complex forest management situations. This manual describes the use of scenarios with multiple stakeholders, with examples drawn from community-based forest management. Four classes of scenario methods are described: visions, projections, pathways and alternative scenarios. Examples of rapid participatory techniques relevant to scenario methods are also summarised. It is hoped that these methods will be useful in bringing together different groups of people concerned about forest management to exchange views, expand the realm of decision possibilities and reach more innovative solutions.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/SCENARIO_indo.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/scenarios.pdf979-8764-71-4Book38p.idCIFOR Head Quarter907CNRecursos forestales y gobiernos municipales en Nicaragua: hacia una gestion efectivaLarson, A.MNitlapan Institute, UCA and CIFORManagua, Nicaragua2001decentralizationlocal governmentforest policynatural resourcesBook118p.esCIFOR Head Quarter901NIA shared research agenda for landuse, landuse change, forestry and clean development mechanism: developed through an international workshop held 6-8 March, 2001, Bogor, IndonesiaCIFORCIFORBogor, Indonesia2001land usechangeforestryresearchplanningclean development mechanismcost benefit analysisinstitutionsinternational cooperationdeveloping countriesconferencesA summary reportAbout 20% of global greenhouse gas emissions are from landuse, landuse change and forestry (LULUCF) and mostly are from deforestation in the tropics. In March 2001 the Centre for International Forestry Research facilitated an international workshop to identify a global agenda of high priority research questions key to research areas related to the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and LULUCF. This document summarizes the workshop report that discussed the following issues: Capacity building and information sharing are critical for building support and political will for backing LULUCF projects; Scale was identified as a main issue in the current negotiation process; A global overview and evaluation of the potential for different CDM options is needed to provide insight into scale issues; The need to reduce costs was identified and set up as the main agenda for further research; Solving the problems of permanence is crucial if forestry projects are to be included in the protocol; Leakage is one of the main concerns raised by negotiators and other stakeholders opposed to the inclusion of LULUCF in the CDM; The production of forest carbon requires consistent, reliable and verifiable monitoring; A reliable, verifiable and cost-effective baseline is needed to calculate the additional certified emissions reduction (CER) accruing to CDM. A number of broader research topics were identified.Book62p.enCIFOR Head Quarter890NIGenetic resource management in ecosystems: report of a workshop organized by CIFOR for the SGRP, CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia 27-29 June 2000Poulsen, J.G.Parsell, D.Stewart, G.edsCIFORBogor, Indonesia2001conferencesgenetic resourcesresource managementintegrated systemsecosystemsnatural resourcesCGIARguidelinesinternational cooperationbiodiversityCIFORplanningresearch projectsagriculturehttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/grme.pdf979-8764-63-3Book42p.enCIFOR Head Quarter891NIFinancing sustainable forest management: report of the International Workshop of Experts, 22-25 January 2001, Oslo, NorwayChipeta, M.E.Joshi, M.edsCIFORBogor, Indonesia2001forest managementfundinginvestmentprivate sectorinternational organizationsinternational cooperationsustainabilitydevelopment aidconferencesA government-led initiative in support of the work of the United Nations Forum on Forests. Proceedings is available on CD-ROM.This report summarizes the outcome of the workshop and consists of three parts. Part 1 highlights that were issued at the end of the workshop. Funding is not the sole constraints to investment in sustainable forest management (SFM) in developing countries. It also requires an enabling environment at the international level. A continuing decline in commodity prices at the international level has prevented the forest sector from yielding adequate financial surpluses that could be reinvestated into sustainable forest management. Greater investment is needed from private sector, public sector, and official development assistance. Means of promoting SFM financing: investment promotion entity (IPE), global forest fund (GFF) and other international financial resources were discussed. Part 2 provides summaries of the papers prepared for the workshop. Part 3 contains the speeches and agenda of the workshop, a list of relevant documents and a list of participants. Proceedings of this workshop is published only in a CD-ROM and consists of the highlights and the full set of papers for the workshop.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/FSFM2001.pdf979-8764-68-4Book100p.enCIFOR Head Quarter892NIDevolution in natural resource management: institutional arrangements and power shifts: a synthesis of case studies from southern AfricaShackleton, S.Campbell, B.MCIFORBogor, Indonesia2001natural resourceswildlifeforestsresource managementcommunity involvementpolicyinstitutionspolitical powercase studiesThe study provides a comparative analysis of the devolution and empowerment process in 14 case studies drawn from eight countries in southern Africa. Each case study examined the extent to which policy and legislation devolves significant control over decision making and benefit flows to communities; the legitimacy and power of different community institutions and their relationship with other stakeholders such as local authority structures, NGOs, donor agencies, and the private sector; and lastly the relationship and divisions between different actors and groupings in the community. The impacts of devolution were found to differ considerably among case studies both within and between countries,of the countries from which they derive. The study revealed that while some empowerment schemes appear to be marked success others appear doomed to failure, or if one is more optimistic, have resulted in the development of capacity within certain organisations but are unlikely to result in sustainable systems of natural resource management.In the countries studied, there have been progress towards CBNRM and a more away from the previous, largely unsuccessful, centralised command and control approaches to natural resources management.In some cases the move to community -based management has been more successful in empowering local communities than in others. In most instances there is little evidence, with the possible exception of specific case studies in Nambia and Malawi, to demonstrate that devolved authority has resulted in more sustainable natural resource management. The assumption is that if true community control is in place then sustainable NRM still require attention and further research effort. The study also revealed a range of factors and conditions that may help contribute to the success of CBNRM initiatives and the empowerment of local communities. The chances of CBNRM succeeding appear greater in situations where high value resources are involved, which have the potential to provide communities with an income stream which give incentive to participate and comply with rule and regulation..http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/zip-file/Devolution-text.exeBook79p.enCIFOR Head Quarter885NIKriteria dan indikator kelestarian hutan yang dikelola oleh masyarakat (community managed forest)Ritchie, B.McDougall, C.Haggith, M.Burford de Oliveira, NCIFORBogor, Indonesia2001community forestryforest managementhandbooksmonitoringassessmentparticipationcriteriaindicatorsAlso available in English, Portuguese, and FrenchCommunity managed forest systems embody a considerable portion of the wisdom, knowledge, and practical skills and management necessary for the sustainability of forest resources globally. These systems, however, are under threat in many ways, including from the rapid rate of change of their political, socio-economic, and biophysical contexts. Adapting forest management sufficiently quickly and effectively to meet these changes is both urgent and very challenging. This guide introduces criteria and indicators of sustainability for community managed forest landscapes (CMF C&I) as a potential learning and communication tool that can help meet that challenge. It draws on CIFOR collaborative research on CMF C&I in Brazil, Indonesia, and Cameroon to propose a flexible step-by-step approach to developing and implementing self - or collaborative forest monitoring systems, and gives examples of C&I developed by communities in these countries. The approach is targeted to communities and their partners in forest management, such as NGOs, government, or development projects, who are seeking strategies to improve local well-being and forest sustainability through more effective learning, collaboration, and decision-making in local forest management.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/CMF_INA.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/cmf.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/CMFPortuguese.pdf979-8764-51-XBook111p.idCIFOR Head Quarter879NICriterios e indicadores de sustentabilidade em florestas manejadas por comunidadesRitchie, B.McDougall, C.Haggith, M.Burford de Oliveira, NCIFORBogor, Indonesia2001community forestryforest managementhandbooksmonitoringparticipationcriteriaindicatorsAlso available in English, Indonesian, and FrenchCommunity managed forest systems embody a considerable portion of the wisdom, knowledge, and practical skills and management necessary for the sustainability of forest resources globally. These systems, however, are under threat in many ways, including from the rapid rate of change of their political, socio-economic, and biophysical contexts. Adapting forest management sufficiently quickly and effectively to meet these changes is both urgent and very challenging. This Guide introduces criteria and indicators of sustainability for community managed forest landscapes (CMF C&I) as a potential learning and communication tool that can help meet that challenge. It draws on CIFOR collaborative research on CMF C&I in Brazil, Indonesia, and Cameroon to propose a flexible step-by-step approach to developing and implementing self - or collaborative forest monitoring systems, and gives examples of C&I developed by communities in these countries. The approach is targeted to communities and their partners in forest management, such as NGOs, government, or development projects, who are seeking strategies to improve local well-being and forest sustainability through more effective learning, collaboration, and decision-making in local forest management.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/CMFPortuguese.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/cmf.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/CMF_INA.pdf979-8764-64-1Book122p.ptCIFOR Head Quarter880NIBiological diversity: balancing interests through adaptive collaborative managementBuck, L.Geisler, C.C.Schelhas, J.Wollenberg, E.CRC PressBoca Raton, Florida, USA2001biodiversityforest managementresource managementnature conservationprotected areascommunity involvementcooperationadaptationpolicymethodologyThis book explores the use of adaptive collaborative management (ACM) as an approach to better balance local, national and global interests in conserving biodiversity with competing interests for resource use. ACM approaches resource management as an on-going learning process based on continuous, cumulative experimentation. This edited volume presents cases from around the world and interdisciplinary analyses to show how scientists, practitioners, policy makers and citizens can work together to achieve mutually agreeable outcomes.0-8493-0020-7Book465p.enCIFOR Head Quarter853NIBulungan ethnobiology handbookPuri, R.KCIFORBogor, Indonesia2001handbooksethnobotanyfaunaflorabiogeographytaxonomyusesecologyPROSEAEast-West CenterThis book is intended as a resource for researchers working in the Bulungan area, including the Kayan Mentarang National Park and the Bulungan Research Project (BRF), it serves as both a field guide to common plants and animals, and a dictionary of their vernacular terms from 18 different linguistic/cultural groups. It facilitates communication about familiar flora and fauna among residents of the Bulungan. Finally, this book provides the basis for future analyses of regional patterns of resource use, ethobiological classification, and comparative and historical linguistics. The handbook is divided into several sections containing a variety of formats and types of data. The first two sections present profiles of 164 plants and 111 animal types of data. Each profile page consists of an entry with photograph or illustration and both biological and ethobiological data. The rationale for choosing the survey methods is explained in the section Documenting regional ethnobiology. It is completed with environmental glossary and indexes to scientific names and vernacular names of plants and animals. (YS)http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/ethnobiology/introduction.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/ethnobiology/01-BEH-Dec2000.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/ethnobiology/02-BEH-Dec2000.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/ethnobiology/03-BEH-Dec2000.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/ethnobiology/04-BEH-Dec2000.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/ethnobiology/05-BEH-Dec2000.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/ethnobiology/06-BEH-Dec2000.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/ethnobiology/07-BEH-Dec2000.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/ethnobiology/08-BEH-Dec2000.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/ethnobiology/09-BEH-Dec2000.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/ethnobiology/10-BEH-2001.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/ethnobiology/11-BEH-2001.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/ethnobiology/12-BEH-2001.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/ethnobiology/13-BEH-2001.pdfhttp://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/ethnobiology/14-BEH-2001.pdf979-8764-45-5Book310p.enCIFOR Head Quarter951IDBalance is beautiful: assessing sustainable development in the rain forests of the Bolivian AmazonBojanic Helbingen, A.JPrograma de Manejo de Bosques de la Amazonia BolivianaRiberalta, Beni, Bolivia2001theseseconomic developmentsustainabilityforest managementland usenon-timber forest productsforest products industriesbrazil nutsincome distributionforestry lawinstitutionssocial developmentThesisThis thesis aims at improving the understanding of the economic, environmental and social inter-relationships inherent in development processes. This study specifically deals with the problems and efforts involved in the use of rain forests of the Bolivian Amazon. The core issues addressed in the different chapters are: economic growth and distribution of income in the Brazil nut industry; the social-institutional constraints in the conduct of transactions by means of the advance payment system (habilito), the fanancial viability of forest management under the Bolivian forestry law; rent capturing in the timber industry; and an environmentally Extended Social Accounting Matrix (ESAM) used to explore the interactions between the economic, environmental and social development. It also compares the benefits of alternative forestland use options. The final chapter discusses the policy implications of the various scenarios and formulates recommendations.90-393-2757-2Book255p.enCIFOR Head Quarter839BOAgricultural technologies and tropical deforestationAngelsen, A.Kaimowitz, D.edsCABI Publishing in association with CIFORWallingford, Oxon, UK2001deforestationtropical forestsagriculturetechnologyprotection of forestspolicycase studiesconferencesDo improvements in agricultural technology protect or endanger tropical forests? This book examines this controversial issue. It includes both theoretical frameworks for analysing the issue as well as case studies covering a wide range of geographical regions, technologies, market conditions and types of agricultural procedures. The authors identify technologies, contexts and policies that are likely to be beneficial to both farmers and forests. In this way the book provides concrete guidance to international aid agencies, agricultural research and technology transfer programmes, conservation projects and forestry organizations. This book contains 22 chapters: introduction and overviews, papers and case studies from developed countries, Latin America, Africa, Asia, and summaries. It is suitable for those working and researching in the areas of forestry, tropical agriculture and development economics and policy.http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BAngelsen0101E0.pdf0-85199-451-2Bookxiv, 422p.enCIFOR Head Quarter1068BOPeople managing forests: the links between human well-being and sustainabilityColfer, C.J.P.Byron, Y.Resources for the Future and CIFORWashington, DC2001forest resourcesright of accessforest managementcommunity forestrypeopleliving conditionsrelationshipsindicatorssustainabilityassessmentnature conservationethicsThis book examines aspects of human well b