Relevant Literature

Methodological and theoretical orientation

• Will Cavendish produced a very readable background paper in 2003 that deals with both conceptual and methodological issues related to PEN: How Do Forests Support, Insure And Improve The Livelihoods Of The Rural Poor? A Research Note.
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• A paper with a broader scope, reviewing key issues, theories and summarize some research findings is the CIFOR Occasional Paper no. 40 by Arild Angelsen and Sven Wunder (2003): Exploring the Forest - Poverty Link: Key concepts, issues and research implications.
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• One carefully designed study from Zimbabwe is Campbell et al (2002): Household Livelihoods in Semi-Arid Regions. Options and Constraints.
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• A comprehensive and highly relevant study from India is the paper by Urvashi Narain, Shreekant Gupta and Klaus Van't Veld (2005) on "Poverty and the Environment: Exploring the Relationship between Household Incomes, Private Assets, and Natural Assets", available at: http://www.rff.org/Documents/RFF-DP-05-18.pdf