Project overview

Driven by the nation’s accelerated GDP growth, China’s consumption of paper and paperboard products tripled between 1990 and 2003 to reach 48.0 million tonnes. This, in turn, catalyzed a similarly sharp increase in the country’s demand for various grades of papermaking fiber furnish. China’s aggregate consumption of papermaking fiber, across all grades, grew from 12.1 million tonnes in 1990 to 40.1 million tonnes in 2003. With paper demand continuing to increase, it is projected that by 2010 China’s annual consumption of papermaking fiber could reach approximately 60 million tonnes or more.

Both the type of fiber China consumes and where it is sourced are likely to have significant implications for forests and rural livelihoods within China and in Asia-Pacific supplier countries. Although much of China’s new paper and paperboard mills utilize recovered paper as their main source of fiber, demand for wood-based pulp has also grown substantially in recent years. To meet this demand, the Chinese government is encouraging large-scale investments in pulp processing capacity and promoting the development of fast-growing tree plantations. More broadly, China’s growing demand for fiber is also having a significant effect on the allocation of resources throughout the global pulp and paper sector, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region.

This project addresses the key question of where the fiber will come from to feed China’s seemingly insatiable appetite for paper and paperboard – and at what costs, and with what social and environmental impacts? more

Project Outputs

Policy and Market Briefs

1. He, D.; Barr, C. and Rhee, S. 2005. China’s Paper and Paperboard Industry: Supply and Demand Trends and Projections to 2010. Policy and Market Brief No. 1. June 2005. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR).
   e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 0.4 MB)

2. He, D.; Barr, C. and Rhee, S. 2005. China’s Market for Pulp and Recovered Paper: Supply and Demand Trends and Projections to 2010. Policy and Market Brief No. 2. June 2005. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR).
   e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 0.4 MB)

3. Barr, C.; Cossalter, C. and Rhee, S. 2005. China’s Development of a Plantation-based Wood Pulp Industry: A Summary of Government Policies and Financial Incentives, with a Focus on South China. Policy and Market Brief No. 3. June 2005. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR).
   e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 0.4 MB)

4. Barr, C.; Dermawan, A. and He, D. 2006. China’s Wood Pulp Imports: A Summary of Recent Trends by Volume, Value and Country of Origin. Policy and Market Brief No. 4. June 2006. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR).
   e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 0.4 MB)

Technical Reports

1. Barney, K. 2007. Power, Progress and Impoverishment: Plantations, Hydropower, Ecological Change and Community Transformation in Hinboun District, Lao PDR. A Field Report
   e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 6.5 MB)

2. Cossalter, C. 2006. Timber Resources in Southern China A Review of Forestry Statistics for Hainan, Guangxi and Western Guangdong Provinces. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia. CIFOR Working Paper 38. 19p.
   e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 0.8 MB)

3. Pirard, R. and Cossalter, C. 2006. The Revival of Industrial Forest Plantations in Indonesia’s Kalimantan Provinces: Will they help eliminate fiber shortfalls at Sumatran pulp mills or feed the China market?. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia. CIFOR Working Paper 37. 64p.
   e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 4 MB)

4. Dachang, L. and Cossalter, C. 2006. The Assessment and Monitoring of Forest Resources and Forestry Products Statistics in China. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia. CIFOR Working Paper 36. 16p.
   e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 1 MB)

5. Spek, M. 2006. Financing Pulp Mills: An Appraisal of Risk Assessment and Safeguard Procedures. Bogor, Indonesia, CIFOR. 86p.
   e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 1.8 MB)
   detail: http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/Publications/Detail?pid=1982

6. Roda, J.M. and Rathi, S. 2006. Feeding China’s Expanding Demand for Wood Pulp: Cambodia Report. CIRAD-Forêt.
   e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 1.8 MB)

7. Roda, J.M. and Rathi, S. 2006. Feeding China’s Expanding Demand for Wood Pulp: Malaysia Report. CIRAD-Forêt.
   e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 0.7 MB)

8. Roda, J.M. and Rathi, S. 2006. Feeding China’s Expanding Demand for Wood Pulp: Vietnam Report. CIRAD-Forêt.
   e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 1.2 MB)

9. Karsenty, A. 2006. Study on the Impacts of Market and Investment Liberalization on Vietnam’s Pulp and Plantations Sector, with Particular Reference to China. Vietnam Report (2). CIRAD-Forêt.
   e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 0.3 MB)

10. Barney, K. 2005. Customs, Concessionaires and Conflict: Tracking Cambodia’s Forestry Commodity Chains and Export Links to China. Forest Trends, CIFOR, and The York Centre for Asian Research.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 0.8 MB)

11. Barney, K. 2005. At the Supply Edge: Thailand’s Forest Policies, Plantation Sector, and Commodity Export Links with China. Forest Trends, CIFOR, and The York Centre for Asian Research.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 3 MB)

12. Barney, K. 2005. Central Plans and Global Exports: Tracking Vietnam’s Forestry Commodity Chains and Export Links to China. Forest Trends, CIFOR, and The York Centre for Asian Research.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 1.2 MB)

13. Jurgens, E.; Barr, C. and Cossalter, C. 2005. Brief on the Planned United Fiber System (UFS) Pulp Mill Project for South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia, CIFOR. Forests and Governance Programme Series No. 3. v, 31p.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 1.1 MB)

14. Special Issue of the International Forestry Review (December 2004) on China’s forest market
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 2.4 MB)

15. Barr, C. and Cossalter, C. 2004. China’s Development of a Plantation-based Wood Pulp Industry: Government Policiies, Financial Incentives, and Investment Trends. International Forestry Review 6 (3-4), pp. 267-281.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 0.4 MB)

16. He, D. and Barr, C. 2004. China’s Pulp and Paper Sector: An Analysis of Supply-Demand Trends and Medium Term Projections. International Forestry Review 6 (3-4), pp. 254-266.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 0.6 MB)

17. International Forum on Finance and Investment in China’s Forestry Sector (Beijing, September 22-23, 2004), co-organized by China’s State Forest Administration, CIFOR, Forest Trends. Information on its proceedings is available at http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/Publications/Detail?pid=2228

18. Summary of Workshops Funded by the EC Asia Pro Eco Programme
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 0.5 MB)

19. Cossalter, C. and Barr, C. 2005. Fast Growing Plantation Development and Industrial Wood Demand in China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR
    e-Files : PDF

• Inside Cover, Table of Contents, and Acknowledgement (size 105 KB)
• Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study (size 20 KB)
• Chapter 2: Overview of Guangxi’s Existing Forest Resource Base(size 7,265 KB)
• Chapter 3: Overview of Guangxi’s Wood Processing Sector(size 291 KB)
• Chapter 4: Economic Competitiveness of Guangxi Plantation Sector (size 184 KB)
• Chapter 5: Assessment of Guangxi’s Medium-Term Wood Fiber Demand(size 250 KB)
• Chapter 6: Guangxi’s Current and Projected Wood Supply-Demand Balance to 2010(size 477 KB)
• Chapter 7: Assessment of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) for Guangxi’s Forestry Sector (size 78 KB)
• References (size 35 KB)
• Annexes (size 469 KB)

Presentations

List of presentations, including those from the September 2004 Forum on Investment and Finance in China.

1. Cossalter, C. and Barr, C. Investment in China’s Pulp and Plantations Sector. CIFOR.
   e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 3.7 MB)

2. He, D.; White, A and Barr, C. China's Paper and Board Demand, Supply and Trade: an Analysis of Recent Trends with Projections to 2010.
   e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 65 KB)

3. Cossalter, C. Does China Have a Comparative Advantage for Growing Pulpwood? The case of coastal Southern China. CIFOR.
   e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 2.8 MB)

4. Cossalter, C. Growing Pulpwood in China What Does UPM Kymmene’s Withdrawal Tell Us?. CIFOR.
   e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 2.1 MB)

5. Cossalter, C. Pulp Industry Expansion and New Wood Fibre Demand in Southern China -Implications for the Region. CIFOR.
   e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 2.9 MB)

6. Kuusisto, I. Trends and Developments in the Chinese Pulp and Paper Industry, International Forum on Investment and Finance in China’s Forestry Sector. Beijing, China, September 22- 23, 2004.
   e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 3.5 MB)

7. Spek, M. Pulp Mill Finance an Appraisal of Risk Management & Safeguard Procedures and Implications for China’s Industry Transformation. Presentation in International Forum in Investment and Finance Forestry Sector. Beijing, China, September 22-23, 2004.
   e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 66 KB)

8. Brady, M. China's Forest Products Industrial Policy and its International Implications. AF & PA China.
   e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 0.2 MB)

9. Lynch, Merrill. Paper Packaging Sector
   e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 7.4 MB)

10. Pentikainen, M. Focus on the Future, Investing in Plantation.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 0.68 MB)

11. Wright, Roger. Defining the China Market for Pulp, Paper and Board.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 0.4 MB)

12. Cossalter, C. and Barr, C. 2006. What are the Risks of Investing in Asia? 15 Questions Every Pulp Project Investor Should Ask. Presentation in APPITA Asia Symposium, Melbourne, April 4-5, 2006.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 2.8 MB)

13. Cossalter, C. and Barr, C. 2006. Fast-Growing Plantation Development and Fiber Supply in South China. Presentation in RISI Asian Pulp and Paper Outlook Conference, Shanghai, April 23-25, 2006.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 3 MB)

14. Cossalter, C. and Barr, C. 2006.Pulpwood Demand and Plantation Development in South China. CIFOR-IFAD Review Meeting, Bogor, May 8-10, 2006.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 2.2 MB)

15. Cossalter, C. 2006. Fast-growing Plantation Development and Fiber Supply in South China. Presentation at meeting of The Forest Dialogue, Guangdong, April 3-6, 2006.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 3 MB)

16. Barr, C. 2006. Forest Scenario-Building in the Asia-Pacific: The Case of Pulpwood Demand and Plantation Development in South China. Presentation at Asia Forest Partnership Meeting, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, September 7-8, 2006.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 1.6 MB)

17. Cossalter, C.; Beach, M. and Barr, C. 2006. Pulp and Plantation Development in South China: A Preliminary Assessment of Livelihood Implications. Presentation at Seminar on China’s Forest Trade and Livelihoods, Beijing, September 17-18, 2006.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 1.4 MB)

18. Cossalter, C. and Barr, C. 2006. Pulpwood Demand and Plantation Development in South China. Presentation at Seminar on China’s Forest Trade and Livelihoods, Beijing, September 17-18, 2006.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 1.6 MB)

19. Cossalter, C.; Beach, M. and Barr, C. 2006. How Cost Competitive is Wood Pulp Production in China? Presentation at China and Forest Trade Seminar, Beijing, September 19, 2006.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 2.0 MB)

20. Barr, C. 2007. Intensively Managed Forest Plantation Development in Indonesia: Overview of Recent Trends and Current Plans. Meeting of The Forest Dialogue, Pekanbaru, Indonesia, March 7-8, 2007.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 1.3 MB)

European Consultative Workshop, Brussels, March 24, 2004

21. Summary of the workshop
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 0.3 MB)

22. Feeding China’s Growing Demand for Wood Pulp: Overview of the Project, by Christopher Barr. Presentation for European Consultative Workshop, Brussels, March 24, 2004.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 0.5 MB)

23. Recent Pulp & Plantation Developments in Southern China, by Christian Cossalter and Christopher Barr. Presentation for European Consultative Workshop, Brussels, March 24, 2004.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 9.2 MB)

24. Pulp and Plantation Development in Indonesia: A Summary of Recent Trends, by Christian Cossalter and Christopher Barr. Presentation for European Consultative Workshop, Brussels, March 24, 2004.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 200 KB)

25. Pulp and plantations development in Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia, by Keith Barney and Jean-Marc Roda. Presentation for European Consultative Workshop, Brussels, March 24, 2004.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 1.2 MB)

26. Challenges for Reducing Negative Social and Environmental Impacts, by Christopher Barr. Presentation for European Consultative Workshop, Brussels, March 24, 2004. e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 61 KB)

Stakeholder workshop in Beijing, 22 November 2005

27. Summary of the Workshop
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 0.3 MB)

28. Overview of the Project, by Christopher Barr. Presentation in Stakeholder Workshop, Beijing, November 22, 2005.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 1.9 MB)

29. Development Situation of Forest-Paper Integration in China, by Lu Wenming. Presentation in Stakeholder Workshop, Beijing, November 22, 2005.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : Chinese (size 0.5 MB)

30. China’s Pulp and Paper Sector: Supply and Demand Trends, by Christopher Barr. Presentation in Stakeholder Workshop, Beijing, November 22, 2005.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 0.3 MB)

31. How Competitive are Fast-Growing Plantations in South China?, by Christian Cossalter. Presentation in Stakeholder Workshop, Beijing, November 22, 2005.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 3.3 MB)

32. GIS Analysis of Land-Use Change in South China, by Zhang Huaiqing. Presentation in Stakeholder Workshop, Beijing, November 22, 2005.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : Chinese (size 4.1 MB)

33. Social Implications of Fast-Growing Plantation Development, by Marilyn Beach. Presentation in Stakeholder Workshop, Beijing, November 22, 2005.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 4.8 MB)

34. Pulp Mill Development and Fiber Supply in Shandong Province, by Hu Yanjie and Li Jianquan. Presentation in Stakeholder Workshop, Beijing, November 22, 2005.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : Chinese (size 0.3 MB)

35. Pulp and Plantation Development in Indonesia: Potential Lessons for China, by Christopher Barr and Christian Cossalter. Presentation in Stakeholder Workshop, Beijing, November 22, 2005.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 0.4 MB)

Stakeholder workshop in Hainan, 28 November 2005

36. Summary of the Workshop
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 0.3 MB)

37. Overview of the Project, by Christopher Barr. Presentation in Stakeholder Workshop, Hainan, November 28, 2005.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 1.9 MB)

38. Development Situation of Forest-Paper Integration in China, by Lu Wenming. Presentation in Stakeholder Workshop, Hainan, November 28, 2005.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : Chinese (size 0.5 MB)

39. Forestry-Pulp-Paper Integration and Hainan Eucalyptus Industry Development, by Huang Jincheng. Presentation in Stakeholder Workshop, Hainan, November 28, 2005.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : Chinese (size 4.5 MB)

40. How Competitive are Fast-Growing Plantations in South China?, by Christian Cossalter. Presentation in Stakeholder Workshop, Hainan, November 28, 2005.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 3.3 MB)

41. Social Implications of Fast-Growing Plantation Development, by Marilyn Beach. Presentation in Stakeholder Workshop, Hainan, November 28, 2005.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 4.8 MB)

42. Pulp and Plantation Development in Indonesia: Potential Lessons for China, by Christopher Barr and Christian Cossalter. Presentation in Stakeholder Workshop, Hainan, November 28, 2005.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 0.4 MB)

Stakeholder workshop in Jakarta, 1 December 2005

43. Summary of the Workshop
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 0.3 MB)

44. Forest Products Trade in Asia Pacific: Implications of China’s Rising Demands, by Christopher Barr. Presentation in Stakeholder Workshop, Jakarta, December 1, 2005.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 6.6 MB)

45. Synthesis of Three Studies on Restructuring Indonesia’s Forestry Industry, by Agus Sarsito. Presentation in Stakeholder Workshop, Jakarta, December 1, 2005 (in Indonesian).
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : Indonesian (size 0.4 MB)

46. Demand Side: Timber Industry and Its Implications, by Bintang Simangunsong. Presentation in Stakeholder Workshop, Jakarta, December 1, 2005.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 0.3 MB)

47. Supply Side: Timber Plantation, by Slamet R. Gadas. Presentation in Stakeholder Workshop, Jakarta, December 1, 2005 (in Indonesian).
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : Indonesian (size 1.2 MB)

Stakeholder workshop in Brussels, 5 December 2006

48. Summary of the Workshop
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 0.3 MB)

49. Overview of the Project, by Christopher Barr. Presentation in Stakeholder Workshop in Brussels, December 5, 2005.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 1.9 MB)

50. China's Promotion of a Plantation-Based Wood Pulp Industry, by Christopher Barr. Presentation in Stakeholder Workshop in Brussels, December 5, 2005.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 0.3 MB)

51. GIS Analysis of Land-Use Change in South China, by Zhang Huaiqing. Presentation in Stakeholder Workshop in Brussels, December 5, 2005.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 11 MB)

52. How Competitive are Fast Growing Plantations in South China?, by Christian Cossalter. Presentation in Stakeholder Workshop in Brussels, December 5, 2005.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 3.3 MB)

53. Can South China's Farmers and Communities Make Profit by Planting Eucalypts?, by Christian Cossalter. Presentation in Stakeholder Workshop in Brussels, December 5, 2005.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 5 MB)

54. Pulp and Plantation Development in Malaysia and in the Mekong Region, by Santosh Rathi and Jean-Marc Roda. Presentation in Stakeholder Workshop in Brussels, December 5, 2005.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 8.2 MB)

55. Pulp Mill Finance: Why Existing Risk Assessment Procedures and Safeguards Fail to Ensure Optimal Outcomes, by Masya Spek. Presentation in Stakeholder Workshop in Brussels, December 5, 2005.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 65 KB)

56. Pulp and Plantation Development in Indonesia, by Christopher Barr and Christian Cossalter. Presentation in Stakeholder Workshop in Brussels, December 5, 2005.
    e-Files : PDF Complete file : English (size 0.5 MB)

Related Studies by Other Institutions and Projects

• United Nations Development Programme. 2006. Environmental and Social Impact Analysis: Stora Enso Plantation Project in Guangxi. Beijing. 5 February.
  http://www.undp.org.cn/downloads/otherlocal/FinalESIA.pdf 

• Le Clue, S. 2006. Taking Stock: Adding Sustainability Variables to Asian Sectoral Analyses – Pulp, Paper, and Timber. Association for Sustainable and Responsible Investment in Asia (ASRIA) and the International Finance Corporation.
  http://www.asria.org/publications/lib/sector/
  ASrIA_Taking_Stock_Combined_Report.pdf 

• White, A.; Sun,  X.; Canby, K.; Xu, J.; Barr, C.; Katsigris, E.; Bull, G.; Cossalter, C. and Nilsson, S. 2006. China and the Global Market for Forest Products: Transforming Trade to Benefit Forests and Livelihoods. Forest Trends, Rights & Resources, CCAP, and CIFOR: Washington, DC.
  http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/
  pdf_files/Books/Chinamarket.pdf 

• World Bank. 2006. Project Brief on a Proposed Loan of US$ 100 Million and a Proposed Grant from the Global Environmental Facility Trust Fund in the Amount of US$ 5.25 Million to the People’s Republic of China for a Guangxi Integrated Forestry Development and Conservation Project. Report No. 35238-CN. April 28, 2006.
  http://gefweb.org/Documents/Council_Documents/
  GEF_C28/documents/26345-1-06PAD-APRIL28-2006_000.pdf 

• World Bank. 2006. Sustaining Economic Growth, Rural Livelihoods, and Environmental Benefits: Strategic Options for Forest Assistance in Indonesia. Jakarta.
  http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTINDONESIA/Resources/
  Publication/280016-1168483675167/IDWBForestOptions.pdf 

• Greenpeace China. 2005. Investigative Report on APP’s Forest Destruction in Yunnan. Beijing. November.
  http://www.greenpeace.org/china/en/press/
  reports/investigative-report-on-app-s 

• DBS Vickers Securities. 2005. Wood Pulp Sector: Insatiable Chinese Appetite for Fiber and Pulp. 20 July.
  http://ir.zaobao.com/ufs/news/ufs200705.pdf